COPYRIGHT © 2025 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. This paper has been jointly developed by Data Security Council of India (DSCI) and HealthcareInformation and Management Systems Society (HIMSS). It is published for informational andeducational purposes only and does not constitute legal, financial, professional, or any other advicewhatsoever. Judicious efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the information contained in this paper. The authors and participating organizations make no representations or warranties, express or implied,and accept no responsibility or liability for any loss, damage, harm, or other consequences, outcomes,incidents, or events — whether direct or indirect, consequential, incidental, or otherwise — arising fromor related to this paper, or any portion, excerpt, or derivative work. Contents Executive Summary08Introduction10Cybersecurity Landscape in Indian Healthcare11Assessing IT Infrastructure & Data Value Chain Risks20Privacy Landscape in Indian Healthcare26Inter-Relation between Cybersecurity, Privacy and43Data ProtectionCybersecurity Readiness of Healthcare Infrastructure46(Framework and Assessment Matrix)Securing Healthcare IT Infrastructure: Case Studies60across Hospital SizesStrategic Priorities for Indian Healthcare Cybersecurity69Overview on Minimal Readiness for Healthcare72InfrastructureFuture Outlook77References79Annexures80 Foreword - DSCI India’s healthcare sector stands at a defining inflectionpoint. The country’s push toward a digitally empowered,data-driven health ecosystem, anchored by the AyushmanBharat Digital Mission (ABDM) and broader nationaldigital health initiatives, is transforming the way care isdelivered, managed, and experienced. Hospitals, clinics, andlaboratories across the country are increasingly connectedthrough digital platforms, telemedicine, and cloud-basedmedical systems, unlocking new possibilities for equitableand efficient healthcare delivery. Vinayak GodseChief Executive Officer,Data Security Council ofIndia As healthcare becomes more connected and data-intensive,the imperative to secure its digital foundations growsstronger. Cybersecurity and privacy are no longer peripheral considerations; they form the very core of trust that sustains the digital health revolution.Protecting patient data, ensuring system integrity, and maintaining the resilience ofhealthcare infrastructure are essential to preserving both clinical safety and publicconfidence. The digital transformation of India’s healthcare industry is progressing at pace, but thematurity of cybersecurity infrastructure varies widely across institutions. While largehospitals and research networks are moving toward advanced digital systems, smallerfacilities continue to operate with limited technological and security capacity. Addressingthis disparity is central to building a secure, inclusive, and interoperable digital healthenvironment. It is in this context that the collaboration between the Data Security Council of India(DSCI) and the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HIMSS) takeson strategic importance. This engagement brings together DSCI’s national leadershipin cybersecurity and data protection with HIMSS’s global experience in healthcaresystems, standards, and digital transformation. The partnership aims to supporthealthcare organisations in assessing their cybersecurity posture, strengthening their ITinfrastructure, and aligning with emerging regulatory and operational frameworks. Through this joint initiative, DSCI and HIMSS aim to strengthen the foundations of India’sdigital healthcare transformation by embedding cybersecurity and privacy as coreenablers of trust, resilience, and innovation. The collaboration brings together expertisein healthcare technology and cybersecurity governance to accelerate the sector’sdigital maturity. IT leaders across Indian healthcare ecosystem have played a crucialrole in strengthening digital infrastructure and advancing cybersecurity practices, andtheir continued support will be essential to sustaining resilience across the healthcareecosystem. As India advances toward its vision of Viksit Bharat at 2047, securing the digital healthecosystem will be vital to achieving accessible, trusted, and high-quality healthcare forevery citizen. The work undertaken through this collaboration underscores a sharedbelief: th cybersecurity, privacy, and trust must evolve as integral components of India’shealthcare growth story to strengthen national capacity while safeguarding publicconfidence in the digital future of health. Message from HIMSS Towards a Secure, Resilient, and Inclusive Digital HealthEcosystem for Viksit Bharat. India is at a historic position in her journey towards digitaltransformation in healthcare. The country’s commitmentto the ambitious and path breaking Ayushman BharatDigital Mission, universal health coverage, and data-driven comprehensive and sustainable governance is fastpropelling the intersection o