让劳动力市场为年轻人服务：一份方法文件

January 2025 © 2025 Global Labor Market Conference Acknowledgements This work was prepared by The WorldBank at the request of the Global LaborMarket Conference. The findings, inter-pretations, and conclusions expressed inthis work do not necessarily reflect theviews of the Executive Directors of TheWorld Bank or the governments theyrepresent. This approach paper was prepared at the request of the 2025 Global LaborMarket Conference, held in Riyadh on January 29-30, 2025. It was drafted bya team of World Bank staff from the Social Protection and Labor Global Prac-tice as part of the ongoing Technical Cooperation Program between the WorldBank Group and Saudi Arabia. The World Bank team was led by Michele Zini (Senior Economist) and JameleRigolini (Senior Advisor) and includes Johannes Koettl (Senior Economist),Eliana Carranza (Senior Economist), Alicia Marguerie (Senior Economist),Mohamad Hussein Mansour (Extended Term Consultant), and Alina Zoe Runk(Consultant). Overall guidance was provided by Iffath Sharif (Global Director),Fadia Saadah (Regional Director), Safaa El Tayeb El-Kogali (Country Direc-tor, Gulf Cooperation Council Countries), Cristobal Ridao-Cano (PracticeManager), and Loli Arribas-Banos (Practice Manager). The team acknowledgesthe previous work carried out by Matteo Morgandi (Lead Economist) and byEliana Carranza (Senior Economist), which contributed to shaping the ideaspresented in this paper. The team is also grateful to Carole Chartouni (SeniorEconomist), Ekaterina Pankratova (Senior Social Protection Specialist), NayibRivera (Economist), Diana Sverdlin Lisker (Young Professional), Andreas Eber-hard (Senior Economist), Jose Manuel Romero (Economist), Penny Williams(Manager), and Xiaoyan Liang (Lead Economist) for their comments, guidance,and support. The World Bank does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this workand does not assume responsibility forany errors, omissions, or discrepancies inthe information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the informa-tion, methods, processes, or conclusionsset forth. The boundaries, colors, denom-inations, links/footnotes and other infor-mation shown in this work do not implyany judgment on the part of The WorldBank concerning the legal status of anyterritory or the endorsement or accept-ance of such boundaries. The citationof works authored by others does notmean the World Bank endorses the viewsexpressed by those authors or the contentof their works. The team extends its thanks to Wendy Cunningham (Lead Economist) andElena Ianchovichina (Lead Economist) for peer reviewing the paper, and toGordon Betcherman (Professor Emeritus, School of International Develop-ment and Global Studies at the University of Ottawa) for his valuable com-ments. Rights and Permissions Thematerial in this work is subjectto copyright. All queries on rights andlicenses,including subsidiary rights,should be addressed toinfo@globallabormarketconference.com Attribution– Please cite the work asfollows:“World Bank.2025.MakingLabor Markets Work for the Youth. WorldBank, Washington, DC. © Global LaborMarket Conference” Table of Contents Acknowledgementsi Abbreviations and Acronymsiii Executive Summaryiv Adapting to the Local and Economic ContextTailoring to Youths’ ProfilesEnabling Private Sector Initiative101315 Appendix A: Summary of Labor Market Programs and Their Impacts19 Bibliography21 Abbreviations and Acronyms Executive Summary Hundreds of millions of young people in the GlobalSouth1face uncertain futures due to poor access to qual-ity education, inadequate skills, and limited employ-ment opportunities.By 2033, the Global South will host1.2 billion people ages 15 to 24. However, unless currenttrends are reversed, only 480 million will attend schooland 420 million will have jobs (often precarious ones),leaving 300 million inactive. Youth inactivity negativelyimpacts lifelong opportunities, earnings, mobility, andmental health. It also erodes productivity and human cap-ital development, hinders economic growth, and may leadto antisocial behavior and social unrest. ductivity of the self-employed, or those offering incentivesfor hiring youth. On the other hand, where job opportu-nities are available, youth may lack the necessary skills oraccess to training programs that address these skill gapsand equip young individuals with relevant labor marketskills can prove effective. Furthermore, when youth areunaware of how to access opportunities, or when regula-tions or social norms limit such opportunities, interven-tions that facilitate youth placement such as intermedi-ation services or regulatory reforms can facilitate theirentry into the labor market. Evidence shows that proper program design and imple-mentationare crucial for success,emphasizing theneed to tailor interventions to local contexts and youthprofiles.One-size-fits-all solutions are often ineffective.Successful youth transition strategies identify local eco-nomic a