让劳动力市场为年轻人服务：一份方法文件

January 2025 © 2025 Global Labor Market Conference Acknowledgements This work was prepared by The WorldBank at the request of the Global LaborMarket Conference. The findings, inter-pretations, and conclusions expressed in This approach paper was prepared at the request of the 2025 Global LaborMarket Conference, held in Riyadh on January 29-30, 2025. It was drafted bya team of World Bank staff from the Social Protection and Labor Global Prac-tice as part of the ongoing Technical Cooperation Program between the World The World Bank team was led by Michele Zini (Senior Economist) and JameleRigolini (Senior Advisor) and includes Johannes Koettl (Senior Economist),Eliana Carranza (Senior Economist), Alicia Marguerie (Senior Economist),Mohamad Hussein Mansour (Extended Term Consultant), and Alina Zoe Runk(Consultant). Overall guidance was provided by Iffath Sharif (Global Director),Fadia Saadah (Regional Director), Safaa El Tayeb El-Kogali (Country Direc-tor, Gulf Cooperation Council Countries), Cristobal Ridao-Cano (PracticeManager), and Loli Arribas-Banos (Practice Manager). The team acknowledgesthe previous work carried out by Matteo Morgandi (Lead Economist) and byEliana Carranza (Senior Economist), which contributed to shaping the ideaspresented in this paper. The team is also grateful to Carole Chartouni (SeniorEconomist), Ekaterina Pankratova (Senior Social Protection Specialist), Nayib The World Bank does not guarantee theaccuracy of the data included in this workand does not assume responsibility forany errors, omissions, or discrepancies inthe information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the informa-tion, methods, processes, or conclusionsset forth. The boundaries, colors, denom-inations, links/footnotes and other infor- The team extends its thanks to Wendy Cunningham (Lead Economist) andElena Ianchovichina (Lead Economist) for peer reviewing the paper, and toGordon Betcherman (Professor Emeritus, School of International Develop- Rights and Permissions Thematerial in this work is subjectto copyright. All queries on rights andlicenses,including subsidiary rights,should be addressed to Attribution– Please cite the work asfollows:“World Bank.2025.MakingLabor Markets Work for the Youth. World Table of Contents Abbreviations and Acronymsiii 1.The Challenge of Poor Youth Transitions in the Labor Market1 The Global Youth Labor Market Context2 2.The Main Drivers of Poor Labor Market Transitions5 Labor Markets Provide Limited Opportunities for YouthYouth Leave School Scarcely Prepared for the Labor MarketFrictions, Rigidities, and Social Norms Exclude Youth from theLabor Market567 3.A Framework to Support Better Youth Labor Market Transitions9 Adapting to the Local and Economic ContextTailoring to Youths’ ProfilesEnabling Private Sector Initiative101315 4.Conclusions: Achieving Impact at Scale Abbreviations and Acronyms Executive Summary Hundreds of millions of young people in the GlobalSouth1face uncertain futures due to poor access to qual-ity education, inadequate skills, and limited employ-ment opportunities.By 2033, the Global South will host1.2 billion people ages 15 to 24. However, unless currenttrends are reversed, only 480 million will attend schooland 420 million will have jobs (often precarious ones),leaving 300 million inactive. Youth inactivity negatively ductivity of the self-employed, or those offering incentivesfor hiring youth. On the other hand, where job opportu-nities are available, youth may lack the necessary skills oraccess to training programs that address these skill gapsand equip young individuals with relevant labor marketskills can prove effective. Furthermore, when youth areunaware of how to access opportunities, or when regula- Evidence shows that proper program design and imple-mentationare crucial for success,emphasizing theneed to tailor interventions to local contexts and youthprofiles.One-size-fits-all solutions are often ineffective.Successful youth transition strategies identify local eco-nomic and social constraints and design a combinationof programs to address them. The profile of youth enter-ing labor markets can vary, even within a single country,so programs and policies also need to cater to the needs A solid education and a meaningful first job are thefoundations of a lifetime of economic success.Qualityeducation equips young people with the necessary skillsand knowledge to thrive in the workplace, and a good firstjob adds to this by providing skills and experience that can This approach paper argues that, even though the mac-roeconomic environment drives employment opportu-nities, training and employment programs can supportbetter youth transitions into the labor market.Trainingprograms, for instance, can endow youth with some ofthe critical skills that they failed to acquire in the formaleducation system. Furthermore, youth tend to be sub- The private sector role has a critical role to play, beyondjob creation.The p