山姆·奥特曼奋力调整 OpenAI 的发展方向并抵御谷歌

Sam Altman’s Sprint to Correct OpenAI’s Direction and Fend OffGoogle ⼭姆·奥特曼奋⼒调整OpenAI的发展⽅向并抵御⾕歌 The CEO is prioritizing achieving mass popularity through ChatGPT versusmoonshot projects like artificial general intelligence BySam Schechner作者：Sam SchechnerFollow关注,Berber Jin作者：Berber JinFollow关注andKeach Hagey作者：Keach HageyFollow关注Dec. 8, 2025 9:00 pm ET2025年12⽉8⽇美国东部时间晚上9:00 When OpenAI CEOSam Altmanmadethe dramatic call for a “code red”last week to beat back a rising threat from Google, he put a notablepriority at the top of his list offixes. 当OpenAI⾸席执⾏官Sam Altman上周为抵御来⾃⾕歌⽇益增长的威胁⽽戏剧性地发出“红⾊警报”时，他在待修正事项清单的⾸位列出了⼀个显著的优先事项。微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K The world’s most valuable startup should pause its side projects like its Sora video generator for eight weeks and focus on improvingChatGPT, its popular chatbot that kicked offthe AI boom. 这家全球最有价值的初创公司应该暂停诸如其Sora视频⽣成器之类的副项⽬⼋周，专注于改进ChatGPT——这款引发⼈⼯智能热潮的热门聊天机器⼈。 In so doing, Altman was making a major strategic course correction and taking sides in a broader philosophical divide inside the company—between its pursuit of popularity among everyday consumers and its quest for research greatness. 这样⼀来，Altman实际上是在做出重⼤的战略修正，并在公司内部的更⼴泛哲学分歧中表明⽴场——在追求⼤众消费者中的受欢迎程度与追求研究卓越之间。 OpenAI was founded topursue artificial general intelligence, broadly defined as being able to outthink humans at almost all tasks. But forthe company to survive, Altman was suggesting, it may have to pause that quest and give the people what they want. OpenAI的成⽴宗旨是追求⼴义⼈⼯智能，⼴义上定义为能够在⼏乎所有任务上超越⼈类的思维能⼒。但Altman暗⽰，为了公司的⽣存，它可能不得不暂停这⼀追求，转⽽满⾜⼈们的需求。 The move was striking in part because one criticism of Altman’s leadership has been his reluctance to put limits on what the company can accomplish.这⼀举措之所以引⼈注⽬，部分原因是对奥特曼领导的批评之⼀就是他不愿对公司能实现的⽬标设限。 And it was telling that he instructed employees to boost ChatGPT in a specific way: through “better use of user signals,” he wrote in his memo.值得注意的是，他指⽰员⼯以⼀种特定⽅式提升ChatGPT：在他的备忘录中写道，通过“更好地利⽤⽤户信号”。 With that directive, Altman was calling for turning up the crank on a controversial source of training data—including signals based on one-click feedback from users, rather than evaluations from professionals of the chatbot’s responses. An internal shift to rely on that userfeedback had helped make ChatGPT’s 4o model so sycophantic earlier this year that it has been accused of exacerbatingsevere mental-health issuesfor some users.微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K 借此指⽰，奥特曼是在呼吁加强⼀种有争议的训练数据来源——包括基于⽤户⼀键反馈的信号，⽽不是由专业⼈员对聊天机器⼈的回答进⾏评估。内部转向依赖这类⽤户反馈，曾在今年早些时候使ChatGPT的4o模型变得如此谄媚，以⾄于被指责加剧了部分⽤户的严重⼼理健康问题。 ChatGPT vaulted OpenAI to the front of the AI race. Above, a student uses the popular chatbot atValencia High School in Santa Clarita, Calif.JAE C. HONG/ASSOCIATED PRESS ChatGPT使OpenAI跃居AI竞赛的最前沿。上图为在加利福尼亚圣克拉丽塔瓦伦⻄亚⾼中的⼀名学⽣使⽤这款流⾏的聊天机器⼈。JAE C. HONG/美联社 Now Altman thinks the company has mitigated the worst aspects of that approach, but is poised to capture the upside: It significantlyboosted engagement, as measured by performance on internal dashboards tracking daily active users. 现在奥特曼认为公司已经缓解了那种做法的最糟糕⽅⾯，但正准备抓住上⾏机会：它显著提升了参与度，这⼀点可以通过内部仪表板上跟踪的⽇活跃⽤户表现来衡量。微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K “It was not a small, statistically significant bump, but like a ‘wow’ bump,” said one person who worked on the model. “这不是⼀个⼩幅、有统计学意义的提升，⽽更像是⼀个‘哇’的跳跃，”⼀位参与该模型⼯作的⼈⼠说。 OpenAI’s “code red” moment represents the most serious challenge it has yet faced to its lead in the AI race. Competitors are gainingground at a faster level than ever before, stealing market share and slowing growth. If the trend continues, OpenAI may not be able to payfor the giant computing contracts it has signed in recent months, and could even struggle to stay afloatfinancially. OpenAI的“红⾊警报”时刻代表了迄今为⽌对其在⼈⼯智能竞赛中领先地位的最严重挑战。竞争对⼿以前所未有的速度取得进展，抢占市场份额并放缓增长。如果这种趋势持续下去，OpenAI可能⽆法⽀付其最近⼏个⽉签署的⼤型计算合同，甚⾄可能在财务上难以为继。 At a lunch meeting with journalists in New York Monday, Altman said that while industry observers are focused on an OpenAI versusGoogle rivalry, he thinks the real battle will be between OpenAI andApple. Devices will be critical to how people use AI over time, he said,and current smartphones are not well suited for the AI companions and use cases. OpenAI’s new hardware arm has been hiring aggressivelyfrom Apple recently. 在周⼀与记者于纽约举⾏的午餐会上，奥特曼表⽰，尽管业内观察者关注的是OpenAI与⾕歌的对抗，但他认为真正的战⽃将是在OpenAI与苹果之间。他说，设备将对⼈们随时间使⽤⼈⼯智能的⽅式⾄关重要，⽽现有智能⼿机并不适合⼈⼯智能伴侣和这些使⽤场景。OpenAI新成⽴的硬件部门最近⼀直在积极从苹果挖⼈。 But OpenAI’s more immediate threat comes from Google, which has been rapidly gaining ground since its Nano Banana image generatorwent viral in August. Then last month, Google’s new Gemini 3 modelblew past OpenAIon a closely watched third-party leaderboard ofmodel performance called LM Arena. Meanwhile, rival Anthropic has nudged ahead of OpenAI among corporate clients. 但OpenAI⾯临的更直接威胁来⾃⾕歌，⾃从其Nano Banana图像⽣成器在⼋⽉⾛红以来，⾕歌⼀直迅速追赶。随后在上个⽉，⾕歌的新模型Gemini 3在⼀个备受关注的第三⽅模型性能排⾏榜LM Arena上远超OpenAI。与此同时，竞争对⼿Anthropic在企业客户中已经略胜OpenAI⼀筹。微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K Behind Altman’s “code red” declaration, however, are tensions bet