OpenAI 启动红色预警，AWS 与谷歌云网络结盟

OpenAI Code Red, AWS and Google Cloud NetworkingOpenAI启动红⾊预警，AWS与⾕歌云⽹络结盟 Tuesday, December 2, 2025 Good morning,早上好， On a specialThanksgiving week episode of Sharp Tech, Andrew and Idiscussed how tech is transforming the suburbs, and then answered a whole grabbag of mailbox questions — many of which had nothing to do with tech. These arealways some of my favorite episodes!微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K 在感恩节特别周的Sharp Tech节⽬中，安德鲁和我讨论了科技如何改变郊区⽣活，然后回答了听众提出的各种问题——其中许多与科技毫⽆关联。这始终是我最喜爱的节⽬环节之⼀！ On to the Update: 进⼊本期更新： OpenAI Code RedOpenAI红⾊警戒 FromThe Information:来⾃The Information的报道： OpenAI CEO Sam Altman on Monday told employees he was declaring a“code red” to marshall more resources to improve ChatGPT as threats risefrom Google and other artificial intelligence competitors, according to aninternal memo. As a result, OpenAI plans to delay other initiatives, such asadvertising, Altman said. “We are at a critical time for ChatGPT,” he said. 根据⼀份内部备忘录，OpenAI⾸席执⾏官萨姆·阿尔特曼周⼀告知员⼯，由于⾕歌和其他⼈⼯智能竞争对⼿的威胁加剧，他将宣布进⼊"红⾊警戒状态"，以调集更多资源改进ChatGPT。阿尔特曼表示，因此OpenAI计划推迟⼴告等其他计划。"ChatGPT正处于关键时期，"他说。微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K OpenAI hasn’t publicly acknowledged it is working on selling ads, but it istesting different types of ads, including those related to online shopping,according to a person with knowledge of its plans. Millions of people alreadyuse ChatGPT to search for products to buy. Altman said the code red “surge”to improve ChatGPT meant OpenAI would also delay progress with otherproducts such as AI agents, which aim to automate tasks related to shoppingand health, and Pulse, which generates personalized reports for ChatGPT users to read each morning. OpenAI并未公开承认正在开发⼴告销售业务，但据知情⼈⼠透露，该公司正在测试不同类型的⼴告，包括与在线购物相关的⼴告。已有数百万⼈使⽤ChatGPT搜索要购买的产品。奥特曼表示，为改进ChatGPT⽽启动的"红⾊代码"突击⾏动也意味着OpenAI将推迟其他产品的进展，例如旨在实现购物和健康相关任务⾃动化的AI代理，以及为ChatGPT⽤户⽣成个性化晨报的Pulse项⽬。 He didn’t specify what was going wrong with ChatGPT, but Google said thisfall that its Gemini chatbot had gained ground in terms of usage. Altmanrecently warned employees privately that Google’s AI resurgence could cause“temporary economic headwinds” for OpenAI. In a call with OpenAI investorslast month, CFO Sarah Friar alluded to a slowdown in ChatGPT growth,though it wasn’t clear what growth metric she was referring to, according to aperson with knowledge of her remarks.微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K 他没有具体说明ChatGPT出了什么问题，但⾕歌今年秋季曾表示其Gemini聊天机器⼈在使⽤量⽅⾯取得了进展。奥特曼最近私下警告员⼯，⾕歌⼈⼯智能的复兴可能会给OpenAI带来"暂时的经济逆⻛"。据知情⼈透露，在上个⽉与OpenAI投资者的通话中，⾸席财务官莎拉·弗莱尔暗示ChatGPT增⻓放缓，不过尚不清楚她指的是哪个增⻓指标。 I’ll get to this snippet in a moment, but stepping back, I had a difficult timewritingyesterday’s Article, not because I didn’t know what I wanted to say, butbecause I lacked my usual level of conviction. On one hand, I think that a lot ofthe “OpenAI is doomed” talk went too far over the last few weeks; ChatGPT is, byall accounts, the vast majority of actual AI usage, and the sheer scale of theuserbase puts the app in the pole position in the consumer space. Moreover, I stillhave serious reservations about Google’s product chops — the Gemini app justisn’t as good on the phone, and the desktop/browser situation is a bit of a mess —and the company’s structural challenge in terms of being incentivized to defendsearch remains. 稍后我会详细讨论这⼀段，但退⼀步说，昨天写那篇⽂章时我感到很吃⼒——并⾮因为不知道该说什么，⽽是因为缺乏平时那种确信感。⼀⽅⾯，我认为过去⼏周"OpenAI危在旦夕"的论调过于夸张；从各⽅⾯来看，ChatGPT依然占据着实际AI应⽤场景的绝⼤部分市场份额，庞⼤的⽤户基数使其在消费级领域占据绝对优势。此外，我仍然对⾕歌的产品能⼒持保留态度——Gemini应⽤在⼿机端体验⽋佳，桌⾯/浏览器端更是略显混乱——同时这家公司始终⾯临着需要捍卫搜索业务收⼊的结构性⽭盾。微信公众号 404K微信公众号 404K On the other hand — and I hope I conveyed this in the Article — I really do thinkthat OpenAI has seriously erred by not aggressively building out an advertisingmodel. Google and Meta are years ahead of OpenAI in this regard, which letsthem compete with ChatGPT using cash flow today; OpenAI is promising revenues in the future, but from what? Subscriptions are great, and it’s legitimatelyamazing how large the OpenAI subscription business is, but any subscriptionmodel is fundamentally limited by the challenges of price elasticity: higher pricesmean fewer users, while lower prices for a product that has real marginal costsmeans a worse user experience. 另⼀⽅⾯——我希望在⽂章中已经表达清楚这⼀点——我确实认为OpenAI犯了个严重错误，即没有积极构建⼴告业务模型。⾕歌和Meta在这⽅⾯领先OpenAI多年，使其能通过当下现⾦流与ChatGPT竞争；OpenAI承诺未来会有收⼊，但来源是什么？订阅模式固然很好，OpenAI订阅业务的规模也确实惊⼈，但任何订阅模式本质上都受制于价格弹性的挑战：提⾼价格会导致⽤户减少，⽽对具有真实边际成本的产品降低价格⼜意味着更差的⽤户体验。 I think that YouTube is a good comparison here. I continue to think it is a violationof SEC rules that Google doesn’t report YouTube costs, but it’s safe to assumethat video costs a fair bit to serve; that has certainly come down over time, ofcourse, but it’s more than text. Because YouTube has an advertising model,however, the costs of serving are directly correlated with the revenue opportunity:the more videos you watch, the more ads you see. That also gives an easy way tocalculate the appropriate YouTube Premium price: simply charge users what youwould have earned for showing them ads (granted, this gets a little tricky