转型十年：中国减肥增效之路

Report Series on Low-Carbon Development in the Fertilizer IndustryA Decade of Transformation: Executive Summary About RMI Rocky Mountain lnstitute (RMl) is an independent, nonpartisan nonprofit founded in 1982 that transformsglobal energy systems through market-driven solutions to secure a prosperous, resilient, clean energyfuture for all. In collaboration with businesses, policymakers, funders, communities, and other partners,RMl drives investment to scale clean energy solutions, reduce energy waste, and boost access to Authors and Acknowledgments Authors Yihan Hao,Jun Li,Ting Li,Canyang XieAuthors listed alphabetically. All authors from RMI unless otherwise noted. Other contributors Haiming Wu ContactJun Li,jun.li@rmi.org Copyrights and Citation Yihan Hao et al.,A Decade of Transformation: China’s Path to Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Gains, RMI,2025,https://rmi.org/insight/a-decade-of-transformation-chinas-path-to-fertilizer-reduction-and- RMI values collaboration and aims to accelerate the energy transition by sharing knowledge and insights.We therefore allow interested parties to reference, share, and cite our work through the Creative Commons https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ All images in this report are from iStock unless otherwise noted. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the following experts for offering their insights and perspectives on this work Taotao MaDeputy General Manager, Special Fertilizer Division, Sinochem FertilizerJianying SuDirector, Industry Development Department, China Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association The authors also express gratitude to the experts from the CRU Group and a fertilizer technology promotioninstitute for their valuable guidance and suggestions during the writing of this report. Executive Summary Fertilizers are crucial chemical inputs in modern agricultural production. Theproduction and inappropriate application of synthetic fertilizers, however, causesubstantial environmental impacts that hinder the sustainable development of both The advent of synthetic fertilizers dramatically changed traditional agriculture, which relied on the naturalrestoration of soil fertility. This breakthrough allowed for the efficient supplementation of essential Nitrogen fertilizers are among the most energy- and carbon-intensive products in the global chemicalsector, as their production relies heavily on fossil fuels. The key input for fertilizers, synthetic ammonia,is itself a major energy consumer, accounting for roughly 20% of the industrial natural gas demand, 5%of industrial coal demand, and about 2% of total final energy use globally.1Given that 70% of syntheticammonia is dedicated to manufacturing nitrogen fertilizers, the sector’s carbon intensity exceeds that of Moreover, the inappropriate application of synthetic fertilizers exacerbates an array of environmentalissues. Excess nutrients from over-fertilization leach into surface and groundwater, polluting aquatic A critical task for the sustainable development of the global agricultural and chemical industries andenergy systems is orchestrating a green and low-carbon transition across the entire life cycle of fertilizers.Successfully navigating this transition is of strategic importance, as it is essential to reducing fossil fuel Amid growing resource constraints, environmental pressures, and rising globalfood demand, an international consensus has emerged on the need for enhancingthe efficiency and scientific application of synthetic fertilizers. Fertilizer use and Historical data show a global divide in fertilizer use. While developing countries continue to increase theirtotal fertilizer consumption and application rates per unit area, developed countries have entered a phase Developed regions and nations such as Europe, the United States, and Japan pioneered fertilizer reductioninitiatives, with goals centered on environmental sustainability, agricultural product quality, and long-termresilience. The EU aims to limit fertilizer use through policies such as the Nitrates Directive and the Farm to Developing countries have also adopted country-specific fertilizer management strategies. In China,India, and several Central and Eastern European countries, the focus has shifted toward addressing over-fertilization through policy frameworks and precision agriculture. For many other developing nations, China, with a population of 1.4 billion, is a key player in fertilizer consumptionand production, grappling with intense pressures to simultaneously increasefood production and protect the environment. The prevalent model of fertilizerapplication is “high input, high output, high pollution,” especially in smallholder China’s fertilizer industry experienced a 40-year period of rapid growth from the mid-1970s to 2015. Thesector progressed from heavy dependence on imports to self-sufficiency and then became an exporter.China emerged as the world’s largest producer of both