2025中国打击野生动植物非法贸易最佳实践

The Best Practices in Combating IllegalWildlife Trade in China 2025 目录 CONTENTS 前 言FOREWORD04 第一章 法律法规CHAPTER 1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK06 第二章 执法CHAPTER 2 LAW ENFORCEMENT08 第三章 科技赋能CHAPTER 3 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY EMPOWERMENT15 第四章 国际合作CHAPTER 4 INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION19 第五章 公众教育CHAPTER 5 PUBLIC EDUCATION26 第六章 社会参与CHAPTER 6 SOCIAL PARTICIPATION29 第七章 案例研究CHAPTER 7 CASE STUDIES38 第八章 挑战与展望CHAPTER 8 CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS49 前言 FOREWORD 打击野生动植物非法贸易，特别是国际贸易，是保护野生动植物的重要措施和国际合作的重要内容。中国成功保护藏羚（Pantholops hodgsonii）、大熊猫（Ailuropoda melanoleuca）和朱鹮（Nipponia nippon）的实践表明，对一个物种的有效保护，必须坚持保护优先、源头治理，严格保护其栖息地，依法严厉打击盗猎和栖息地破坏行为；同时强化对非法贸易链条的打击，减少非法消费市场，构建“源头国-中转国-目的国”的全链条打非合作机制。 《中国打击野生动植物非法贸易最佳实践》(以下简称《最佳实践》)凝练概括了中国政府、企业、社会组织在该领域的协同行动，系统总结可复制、可推广的中国经验，倡议世界各国携手强化野生动植物保护，打击野生动植物非法贸易，扩大交流合作，共同遏制全球生物多样性丧失和生态系统退化，共建人与自然和谐共生的美好未来。 《最佳实践》由世界自然基金会(WWF)组织编写，国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护司、国家林业和草原局野生动物保护监测中心、国家林业和草原局国际合作交流中心、中国野生动物保护协会、打击网络野生动植物非法贸易全球互联网企业联盟和可持续旅行联盟成员企业、国际爱护动物基金会（IFAW）， 野生救援（WildAid），国际野生生物保护学会（WCS），国际野生物贸易研究组织（TRAFFIC）等组织给予大力支持。采用的案例和数据由相关部门和机构提供，或来自新闻媒体报道。 Combating illegal trade in wildlife—particularly international wildlifetrafficking—is not only a crucial measure for protecting endangered speciesbut also a key component of global conservation cooperation. China’ssuccessful conservation efforts for species such as the Tibetan antelope(Pantholops hodgsonii), the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), andthe crested ibis (Nipponia nippon) demonstrate that effective speciesprotection requires a focus on both safeguarding habitats and addressingthe root causes of threats. This includes strict habitat protection and rigorousenforcement against poaching and habitat destruction. Concurrently, it isvital to strengthen actions targeting the entire illegal wildlife trade chain,reduce illicit market demand, and establish a comprehensive “source–transit–destination” collaborative framework to combat wildlife trafficking across allstages of the trade. © WWF TheBest Practices in Combating Illegal Wildlife Trade in China (hereinafterreferred to as theBest Practices) summarizes the collaborative actions of theChinese government, enterprises, and civil society organizations in this field. Itsystematically distills China’s replicable and scalable experiences, and calls onall countries to work together to strengthen wildlife protection, combat illegalwildlife trade, enhance communication and cooperation, and jointly curbglobal biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation—toward a shared futurewhere humanity and nature coexist in harmony. TheBest Practices was compiled by the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF),with strong support from the Department of Wildlife Protection, NationalForestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA), Wildlife Protection MonitoringCenter, National Forestry and Grassland Administration (NFGA), InternationalCooperation and Exchange Center, National Forestry and GrasslandAdministration (NFGA), the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA),member companies of the Global Coalition to End Wildlife Trafficking Onlineand the Sustainable Travel Alliance, the International Fund for Animal Welfare(IFAW), WildAid, the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), and TRAFFIC. Thecases and data presented in this publication were provided by the relevantdepartments and organizations involved or sourced from media reports. 第一章 法律法规CHAPTER 1 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK 1.1 对野生动植物实行全方位法律保护 Comprehensive Legal Protection for Wildlife 中国政府坚持“保护优先、规范利用、严格监管”的基本原则，持续健全与野生动物保护相关的违法犯罪的防范与惩戒措施，形成了以《中华人民共和国野生动物保护法》《中华人民共和国濒危野生动植物进出口管理条例》为主体，《中华人民共和国刑法》和其它相关法律为支撑，有关司法解释、部门规章和其它规范性文件为补充的野生动植物保护法律体系。 在中国，野生动植物犯罪根据犯罪情节不同量刑不同，情节特别严重的处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，并处罚款以及没收非法标本、非法所得甚至个人财产。 The Chinese government upholds the core principles of “prioritizing protection, ensuring regulated utilization, andenforcing strict oversight.” It has consistently strengthened both preventive and punitive measures to combat wildlife-related crimes. Over time, China has developed a comprehensive legal framework, centered around key laws such astheWildlife Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China , theRegulations on the Administration of the Import andExport of Endangered Wild Fauna and Flora , and theRegulations on the Protection of Wild Plants . This legal frameworkis further reinforced by theCriminal Law of the People’s Republic of China and other relevant legislation, with judicialinterpretations, departmental regulations, and additional normative documents serving as crucial supplements. In China, penalties for wildlife-related crimes are scaled according to the severity of the offense. In particularly seriouscases, offenders may face fixed-term imprisonment of over ten years, or even life imprisonment, in addition to fines andthe confiscation of illegal specimens, proceeds, and, in some instances, personal property. 1.2 普遍实施更为严格的管理措施 Implementation of Stricter Management Measures 中国政府建立了野生动物保护主管部门审批、CITES 科学机构咨询评估、CITES 管理机构核发证书、海关凭证查验放行