避孕药具使用的精选实践建议，第4版。

Selected practicerecommendations forcontraceptive use Selected practicerecommendations forcontraceptive use Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, fourth edition ISBN 978-92-4-011560-6 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-011561-3 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo isnot permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent CreativeCommons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along withthe suggested citation:“This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is notresponsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding andauthentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Selected practice recommendations for contraceptive use, fourth edition. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization; 2025. Licence: CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do notimply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country,territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted anddashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed orrecommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissionsexcepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication.However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied.The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO beliable for damages arising from its use. Design and layout: Green Ink Publishing Services Ltd.Printed by the WHO Document Production Services, Geneva, Switzerland Contents Acknowledgements Abbreviationsvii Executive summaryviii 1Introduction1 1.1Purpose41.2Scope41.3Target audience41.4Reproductive and sexual health care as a human right51.5Contraceptive choice and informed consent61.6Quality of care and access to products61.7Effectiveness of methods71.8Return to fertility91.9STIs and contraception: dual protection10 2Methods: summary of the development of the SPR12 3How to use this document16 3.1Classification of examinations and tests before initiation of differentcontraceptive methods173.2Contraceptive eligibility18 4Summary of changes within the fourth edition of the SPR19 22 5.1How can a health worker be reasonably certain that a woman is not pregnant?235.2Intrauterine devices235.2.1Copper-bearing IUDs (Cu-IUDs) and levonorgestrel-releasing IUDs(LNG-IUDs)235.3Progestogen-only contraceptives325.3.1Progestogen-only implants325.3.2Progestogen-only injectable contraceptives (POIs)365.3.3Progestogen-only pills (POPs)405.4Combined hormonal contraceptives455.4.1Combined oral contraceptives (COCs), the combined contraceptivepatch and the combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CVR)455.4.2Combined injectable contraceptives (CICs)515.5Emergency contraception555.5.1Copper-bearing IUDs (Cu-IUDs) for EC, and emergency contraceptivepills (ECPs)555.5.2Resumption or initiation of regular contraception after using EC57 5.6Standard Days Method615.6.