绿色转型造福于人民和经济

Making the GreenTransition Work forPeople and the Economy I N S I G H TR E P O R TN O V E M B E R2 0 2 5 Contents Foreword3 Executive summary4 1Climate action in the new economy5 1.1The world is undergoing significant economic6and geopolitical shifts 1.2Climate action needs to evolve to work for7people and the economy 2Making the green transition work for people and the economy9 2.1Growth and jobs impacts of the green transition10 2.2Overcoming socioeconomic risks and competitiveness12challenges linked to the green transition 3Takeaways for corporates and their climate plans37 3.1Stakeholder impacts from corporate climate action38 3.2Building socioeconomic foundations in corporate41climate transition plans Appendices51 A1Methodology and data sources51 Contributors169 Endnotes174 Disclaimer This document is published by theWorld Economic Forum as a contributionto a project, insight area or interaction.The findings, interpretations andconclusions expressed herein are a resultof a collaborative process facilitated andendorsed by the World Economic Forumbut whose results do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the World EconomicForum, nor the entirety of its Members,Partners or other stakeholders. ©2025 World Economic Forum. All rightsreserved. No part of this publication maybe reproduced or transmitted in any formor by any means, including photocopyingand recording, or by any informationstorage and retrieval system. Foreword Attilio Di BattistaHead of Economic Growthand Transformation,World Economic Forum Hemant AhlawatSenior Partner,McKinsey & Company Harsh Vijay SinghHead, EquitableTransition Initiative,World Economic Forum Cindy LevySenior Partner,McKinsey & Company The global economy is shifting. Geoeconomicdiversification and technological transformationsare disrupting established patterns of trade,growth and development. The financial landscapehas changed alongside higher inflation and costof capital, and in some countries, inequality hasrisen. This evolving global context could have realsocioeconomic impacts and, therefore, for climateaction to succeed, decision-makers must adapt. accelerate an inclusive green transition. The reportexamines the changing global context affectingclimate action, and competitiveness barriers andsocioeconomic risks associated with the greentransition across a set of countries and greentransition sectors. Finally, the report concludeswith considerations for corporate leaders to aligntheir climate strategies with positive social andeconomic outcomes. Organizations that fail toaddress the socioeconomic dimensions of theirclimate transitions may risk undermining their long-term objectives, social license and shareholdervalue, while those that proactively advanceinclusive and resilient outcomes could strengthencompetitiveness, unlock new market opportunitiesand position themselves as leaders in emergingvalue chains. A well-executed transition must mitigate risks tocompetitiveness, minimize potential socioeconomicburdens and amplify co-benefits. Thoughtfulconsideration is needed to design strategies thatalign climate action with economic and societalpriorities. In an increasingly complex geopolitical,macroeconomic and social environment, advancingthe green transition requires closer alignment withnational economic security considerations, a strongerfocus on local value and employment generation,and a greater emphasis on demonstrating theeconomic feasibility of climate projects. We thank the Laudes Foundation for their support,and the Global Future Council on EquitableTransition for their guidance. Insights in this reportreflect input from a series of high-level dialoguesand consultations with organizations engaged withthe Equitable Transition Alliance. This publicationwill inform continued efforts by the World EconomicForum’s Equitable Transition Initiative, which workstowards ensuring transition plans, investmentsand business strategies solve for both peopleand the economy. This collaborative publication furthers the work ofthe World Economic Forum’s Equitable TransitionInitiative and McKinsey Sustainability’s ClimateTransition Impact Framework, underscoring theneed to meaningfully consider socioeconomicimpacts in public and private climate action to Executive summary At the halfway mark of the decade of delivery,the green transition needs a new narrative. Shifting geopolitical and macroeconomicfactors may challenge the established patternsof economic growth and development. Anevolving geoeconomic order, disrupted supplychains, and prospects of sustained inflation andhigher costs of capital are driving a renewed focuson security, resilience and rising inequality. Whilethe global economy has responded to a multitudeof historical disruptions and transformations,many of which were of an equal or larger scale ofchange, these shifts could impact the pace andfeasibility of climate action.Risks to sustainedmomentum on climate action include challenges i