ICARUS LAC：衡量普遍可及性的工具包（英）2025

Methodological Approach Challenges in Accessibility Despite such commitments, progress has been unevendue to gaps in implementation and enforcement, andthe absence of a mechanism that can help measureand assess the progressive realization of accessibility.LAC countries often lack harmonized regulations orrobust data collection mechanisms to monitoraccessibility. For instance, 54 percent of countriesreport no outdoor environment accessibility standards,and 43 percent lack standards for public buildings.Urban infrastructure frequently falls short of inclusivedesign principles, leading to inadequate pedestrianroutes, inaccessible public transportation, and limiteddigital inclusion. The ICARUS methodology isstructured across three tiers: • Tier 1:This initial phase involves desk-basedassessments, using existing data and regulatoryreviews to establish baseline conditions. Participatoryworkshops may complement these efforts, engagingpersons with disabilities and other stakeholders tovalidate findings and identify priority areas. • Tier 2:Building on Tier 1, this phase employs detailedsurveys, focus groups, and Geographic InformationSystems (GIS) mapping to create a comprehensiveunderstanding of accessibility challenges. Theemphasis is on integrating diverse perspectives andtailoring approaches to local contexts. These barriers disproportionately affect individualswith lower socioeconomic status, exacerbating cyclesof poverty and marginalization. Accessibility alsoremains an underfunded priority in many countries,with limited resources allocated for implementationand monitoring. • Tier 3:This advanced phase incorporates predictivemodeling, longitudinal studies, and in-depth audits toanalyze long-term trends and inform strategicdecision-making. By combining qualitative insightswith quantitative data, this tier provides actionablerecommendations for stakeholders. ICARUS LAC:Objectives and Methodology ICARUS LAC is a diagnostic and operational toolkitdesigned to measure and monitor accessibility. Itstiered approach allows flexibility inresource-constrained settings while fosteringscalability. Key objectives include: Findings and Insights Preliminary assessments reveal critical gaps inaccessibility across LAC cities. Key findings include: • Establishing baseline conditions throughstandardized tools. • Urban infrastructure often lacks inclusivefeatures, such as accessible pedestrian routes andpublic transport systems. • Quantifying accessibility needs to prioritizepolicy actions. • Legal frameworks mandate accessibility in onlyhalf of LAC countries, with uneven implementationacross jurisdictions. • Empowering persons with disabilities andpersons with mobility constraints throughparticipatory approaches. • Data on disability-inclusive outcomes remainsinconsistent, limiting evidence-basedpolicymaking and monitoring. • Fostering collaboration across sectors andstakeholders. However, there are promising developments. Forexample, Panama adopted a National Plan onUniversal Accessibility in 2023, and countries likeColombia and Peru are in the process of preparingtheir respective frameworks. The integration ofgeospatial data and cost-benefit analyses in ICARUSenhances its utility for decision-makers andencourages investment in accessibility improvements. The toolkit includes thematic indices covering urbanenvironments, transport infrastructure, social servicedelivery, digital accessibility, and stakeholderengagement. Across these sectors it focuses onphysical and digital accessibility of infrastructure,environments products and services includinginformation and communication technologies. Itemphasizes practical tools, such as checklists andtraining modules, to support government officials andWBG teams in implementing accessibility measures. ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS Inaccessibility has far-reaching economic and socialconsequences. Households with members who have dis-abilities face elevated poverty risks, earning significantlyless than those without them. Caregiving responsibilities,predominantly shouldered by women, exacerbate genderdisparities in employment and income. Inaccessible envi-ronments limit workforce participation, hinder educationoutcomes, and perpetuate cycles of poverty and exclusion. Investments in accessibility yield substantial benefits,including increased workforce engagement, improvededucational outcomes, and enhanced social cohesion.Universal design principles reduce long-term costsassociated with retrofitting infrastructure and createmore resilient urban systems capable of withstandingclimate-related risks. STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT AND THE MOBILITY CHAIN A defining feature of ICARUS is its emphasis on stakeholder engagement and systemic thinking. The toolkit inte-grates the concept of the accessibility mobility chain—evaluating interconnected elements such as transport, publicspaces, and services—to ensure seamless access for all individuals. By involving persons with disabi