弥合女企业家的财务差距：来自学术和政策研究的见解

Bridging the Finance Gap for WomenEntrepreneurs Insights from Academic and Policy Research Bridging the Finance Gapfor Women Entrepreneurs INSIGHTS FROM ACADEMIC AND POLICY RESEARCH For the OECD, this work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. For the GWEP network this work is published under the responsibility of the host institution, Oxford Brookes University. The opinionsexpressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the views of Oxford Brookes University. The names and representation of countries and territories used in this joint publication follow the practice of the OECD. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by theOECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the termsof international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no single authorityrepresenting both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus(TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its positionconcerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. The information in thisdocument relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Kosovo*: This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations Security CouncilResolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice on Kosovo’s declaration of independence. Please cite this publication as: OECD/GWEP (2025),Bridging the Finance Gap for Women Entrepreneurs: Insights from Academic and Policy Research, OECD Studies on SMEsand Entrepreneurship, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/75b52972-en. ISBN 978-92-64-37245-0 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-80446-3 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-33778-7 (HTML) OECD Studies on SMEs and EntrepreneurshipISSN 2078-0982 (print)ISSN 2078-0990 (online) Photo credits:Cover © Maskot/Getty Images Plus. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD/GWEP 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Removing barriers to the creation and growth of businesses, including for women entrepreneurs, is acommon policy goal of governments around the world. It is estimated there were 34 million “missingentrepreneurs” in OECD countries in 2023 (people who would be entrepreneurs if their social group–women, youth, seniors, immigrants–had a business startup rate equal tomen aged 30 to49). As manyas 70% (24.8 million) of those “missing” were women. The likelihood of people getting involved in entrepreneurship and the performance of new firms also variesbetween women and men. In the OECD area, 9% of working age women were actively working on a start-up or managing a new businessin2018-2022,compared to11%ofmen. Women entrepreneurs also hadlower growth expectations and export rates than men entrepreneurs. Only 11% of women entrepreneursin OECD countries expected their