中国分布式能源资源整合：国际经验启示

IntegratingDistributed EnergyResources in China Lessons from international experience INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAMembercountries: IEAAssociationcountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract Like no other country in the world, the People’s Republic of China (hereafter,“China”) is witnessing rapid growth in distributed energy resources (DERs),including rooftop solar photovoltaics, battery storage and electric vehicle (EV)chargers. As China advances towards its carbon peaking and neutrality goals,these resources offer a unique opportunity to support a more flexible, efficient andresilient power system, provided their integration is well-managed. This report analyses recent trends in DER deployment across China and highlightsthe emerging challenges their growth poses for power system planning andoperation, calling for renewed attention to distribution grids. It puts China’sdevelopment of DERs in international perspective by drawing on experiences fromjurisdictions that are further along in their DER integration journey, such asAustralia,Europe,Japan and the United States.Through cross-countrycomparison, the analysis identifies lessons and best practices that are relevant toChina’s evolving power sector and regulatory landscape. It offers insights into therole of policy, regulation, market design, digital infrastructure and institutionalframeworks in unlocking the full potential of DERs. The report provides tailored policy guidance to support Chinese decision makersin designing effective strategies for DER integration through 2030 and beyond. Atthe same time, it can serve as a valuable reference for Chinese and internationalexpertsworking to develop coherent,forward-looking approaches to DERintegration. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits This study was prepared by the Renewable Integration and Secure Electricity Unit(RISE) in the Directorate of Energy Markets and Security of the InternationalEnergy Agency (IEA). The study was designed and directed by Camille Paillardunder the guidance of Pablo Hevia-Koch, Head of RISE. The main authors of the report were Camille Paillard, Esra Broekman and IsaLengkeek. Other IEA colleagues contributed valuable inputs and feedback (inalphabetical order): Heymi Bahar, Jérôme Bilodeau, Christine Brandstatt, BrendanBreidenbach, Michael Drtil, Javier Jorquera, Rena Kuwahata, Rebecca McKimm,Patrick McMaster, Keisuke Sadamori, Ivo Walinga, Qi Wang, Jacques Warichetand Jun Yang. Hyejeong Lee provided essential support. This report was produced with the financial assistance of the Energy Foundationunder the IEA’s Clean Energy Transitions Programme (CETP). The authors are grateful for the comments and feedback from the following expertswho reviewed the report: Max Dupuy (Regulatory Assistance Project), Shuo Gao (RMI), Xue Han (StateCouncilDRC),Jinxiu Hou(EPPEI),Yanda Huo(EPPEI),Gabrielle Kuiper(Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis), Aurore Lantrain (EPEXSpot), Yang Lei (Peking University, Institute of Energy), Yonggang Li (NARITechnology), Ma Li (State Grid Corporation of China), Alvin Lin (NRDC), MingmingLiu (NRDC), Yao Meng (Tsinghua EIRI), Anoop Nambiar (Ausnet), Jan Osenberg(SolarPowerEurope),Yan Qin(Clear Blue),Pei Shanpeng(State PowerInvestmentCorporation),Di Wu(Peking University,Institute of Energy),Q i n g y uX u( B e i j i n gH u a i r o uL a b o r a t o r y ),Biqing Yang(Ember),Zhenglin Yang (China Electric Power Research Institute), Ming Yin (Agora EnergyChina), JingjieZhang(China Electricity Council), Haiwang Zhong(TsinghuaEIRI) and Yining Zou (Agora Energy China). The authors are also grateful to Agora Energy China and Energy FoundationChina for co-hosting the workshops on Australia's experience on 26 March 2025and Europe's experience on 14 May 2025 and to the experts who participated: JonathonDore(Australian Energy Market Operator),Wei Feng(ShenzhenInstituteof Advanced Techn