欧盟解决肥胖问题的行动蓝图

A Blueprint for Action to address Obesityin the European Union www.efpia.eu Acknowledgments The EU Blueprint for Action on Obesity was developed by the EFPIA ObesityPlatform with support and input from the European Association for the Studyof Obesity (EASO) and the European Coalition of People Living with Obesity(ECPO), between April – November 2024. During the development process, EFPIA drew on expertise and perspectivesfrom EASO and ECPO to ensure a comprehensive approach. While EASO and ECPO provided valuable insights, no direct sponsorship orfunding was provided to these organizations for their contributions to thedocument. CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY04 INTRODUCTION06 Improving Health Literacy08 Obesity is a chronic, complex disease09Obesity is a systemic problem and requires a holistic response10Weight bias increases the burden of obesity11The role of data in improving health literacy12POLICY ACTIONS13 Changing Paradigms in Obesity Prevention14 Understanding the difference between health promotionand obesity prevention15 POLICY ACTIONS16 Services for Obesity Management20 The role of primary care and the integration of care servicesfor obesity treatment and management21POLICY ACTIONS23Clinical Guidelines24POLICY ACTIONS25Access to multidisciplinary obesity management and treatments26POLICY ACTIONS27 Conclusions28 Sources29 EXECUTIVESUMMARY Obesity is among the most pressing public health challengesof this century and one that is posing a significant burdenon Europe’s population and health systems. In 2022, obesityrates in the EU increased gradually as people age to reacha peak of about 20% among 65-74 category and 15% amongpeople aged 18-64.iIt is estimated that by 2030 more than30% of Europeans will live with obesity, with the direct andindirect costs for healthcare systems estimated to reach upto EUR 1,597 billion if no holistic action is taken.ii A complex chronic disease caused by multiple factorsiii, including genetic predispositions,biological, obesogenic environmental, socio-economic and psychological determinantsiv,obesitysits at the centre of the rising burden of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) in the EU. The report commissioned by the European Parliament Committee onPublic Health (SANT) titled “Current Challenges and opportunities forobesity” recognises that obesity is a complex, multifactorial chronicdisease. The comprehensive implementation of this definition in nationaland European policies is critical for an effective response to address therising burden of obesity. Approximately43% of adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are affected by obesity(this figurecan increase to 80% in some population groups)v, while nearly all adults living with obesity havean almost three-fold risk of developing diabetes compared to adults without obesity. An estimated67.5% of obesity-related excess mortality is attributable to cardiovasculardiseases(CVD)vi. Alongside cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, obesity plays a significantrole in the development of cancer, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Obesity causes more than 200,000 new cancer casesannuallyvii. Individuals affected by obesity have an 83% increased risk of developing CKDviii, whilethe prevalence of MASLD is very high among people living with obesity (75% - 92%) or severeobesity (over 90%)viv. Although the science underlines that obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease, obesity is minimisedto a lifestyle issue and largely attributed to individual responsibility. As a result, health systems havepredominantly adopted a reactive approach to obesity, focusing exclusively on the managementof obesity-related complications. In addition, theminimisation of obesity to a lifestyle-relatedcondition results in the persistent stigmatisation of people living with obesity (PwO) insociety and healthcare settings, impacting access to adequate treatment and care. So far, EU-led action and Member States efforts in tackling obesity have focused on a“calories invs calories out”approach, which overlooks critical factors needed to address obesity effectively.The World Health Organisation (WHO) recognises that multisectoral efforts supporting healthynutrition and exercise, while essential, have so far been insufficient to halt the rising prevalenceof obesity.vvPwO also need timely access to diagnosis and comprehensive care, on par withpeople living with other chronic diseases. The recommendations proposed in this Blueprint should be considered in any broader Europeanor Member States strategies for addressing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) or as a stand-alone initiative for addressing obesity. Supporting policy actions and investments in preventing and treating obesity must be part of anintegral, holistic approach necessary to delivering better health outcomesto those livingwith obesity and preventing it for future generations. INTRODUCTION Over the past decades, scient