德国研究、创新与科技绩效报告

REPORT ON RESEARCH,INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGICALPERFORMANCE IN GERMANY EXPERTENKOMMISSIONFORSCHUNGUND INNOVATION REPORT202520262027 202820292030 203120322033 EXPERTENKOMMISSIONFORSCHUNGUND INNOVATION REPORT2025 This is a translated version of the original German-language‘Gutachten zu Forschung, Innovation und technologischer Leistungsfähigkeit Deutschlands’,which is the sole authoritative text. We would like to thank Niemann, Dr. Johannes Otterbach, PD Dr. AnneOtto, Paul Overby, Bill Peduto, Dr. Heike Prasse,Ryan Pulley, Prof. Dr. Till Requate, Luisa Rölke,Nelli Schiebeler, Prof. Dr. Torsten Schmidt,Dr. Jochen Schneider, Dr. Bjoern Schulte,Dr. Christoph Schulte, Dr. Georg Schütte, BethSchwanke, Sally Sleeper, Ph.D., Dr. NicolasSpethmann, Prof. Dr. Michael Stelter, Dr. NataliyaStupak, Florian Süssenguth, PD Dr. Mirko Titze,Prof. Dr. Bernhard Truffer, Dr. Dirk Waider,Dr. Petra Wolff, Prof. Dr. Christof Wunderlich, Dr. Britta Ammermüller, Eric Arndt, DanielBehrendt, Dr. Heike Belitz, Dr. Christian Binz,Christopher Briem, Prof. Dr. Tommaso Calarco,Dr. Jano Costard, Prof. Sabina Deitrick, Ph.D.,Henning R. Deters, Dr. Friedrich Dornbusch, JayDouglass, PD Dr. Birte Fähnrich, Prof. Dr. OliverFalck, Prof. Bernd Fitzenberger, Ph.D., BillFlanagan, Dr. Michael Förtsch, Prof. Erica R.H.Fuchs, Ph.D., Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Clemens Fuest,Prof. Dr. Erik Gawel, Gian Gentile, Cody Gill,Dr. Michael A. Glass, Dr. Nils Grashof, MikeHarding, Dr. Alexander Heinrich, Dr. MartinHellfeier, Dr. Sven Hendricks, Dr. TobiasHoffmann, Eric Hough, Prof. Dr. Karl Jansen,Dr. Markus Janser, Prof. Dr. Henning Kagermann,Dr. Mathis Keller, Prof. Dr. Bernd Klauer,Dr. Gerhard Kussel, Caitlin Lee, Ph.D., PhilipLehman, Ph.D., Dr. Georg Licht, ChristianManders, M. Wade Markel, Ph.D., ChristopherMartin, Dr. Britta Matthes, Rachel Mauer,Prof. Theresa Mayer, Ph.D., Dr. Wolf Merkel, Prof.Dr. Steffen Müller, Dr. Rainer Müssner,Prof. Dr. Annekatrin Niebuhr, Prof. Dr. André all of whom contributed their expertise to thisyear’s report. We also express our thanks to all those expertswho helped prepare the studies on the Germaninnovation system. The Commission of Experts wishes to emphasizethat the positions expressed in the report donot necessarily represent the opinions of theaforementioned experts. Members of the Commission of Expertsfor Research and Innovation (EFI) This report is also the result of the highly competentand dedicated work of the staff of the Commissionof Experts’ Office and the staff of the CommissionMembers. Prof. Dr. Irene Bertschek(Deputy Chair) ZEW – Leibniz Centre for European EconomicResearch, Research Unit Digital Economy, andJustus Liebig University Giessen, Faculty ofEconomics and Business Studies Staff of the EFI Office Christine BeyerDr. Helge DauchertDr. Lea EilersTobias HädrichDr. Friederike HeinyDr. Petra MeurerAntje MichnaDr. Christoph OslisloDr. Johannes Stiller Prof. Dr. Guido Bünstorf University of Kassel, Faculty of Economics andManagement, Economic Policy, Innovation andEntrepreneurship (EPIE) group, and InternationalCenter for Higher Education Research (INCHER) Prof. Dr. Uwe Cantner(Chair) Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Faculty ofEconomics and Business Administration, Chairof Economics/Microeconomics, and University ofSouthern Denmark, Odense, Department of Mar-keting and Management Staff of the Commission Members Dr. Siegrun BrinkInstitut für Mittel-standsforschung (IfM) Bonn Lukas DreierFriedrich Schiller University Jena,Faculty of Economics and Business Administra-tion, Chair of Economics/Microeconomics Prof. Dr. Carolin Häussler University of Passau, Faculty of Business, Eco-nomics and Information Systems, Chair of Orga-nisation, Technology Management and Entrepre-neurship Dr. Daniel ErdsiekZEW – Leibniz Centre forEuropean Economic Research, Research Unit Dig-ital Economy Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Christoph M. Schmidt RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Researchand Chair for Economic Policy and Applied Econo-metrics at the Faculty of Management and Eco-nomics at Ruhr-Universität Bochum Florian Neubauer, Ph.D.RWI – Leibniz Institutefor Economic Research Robin NowakUniversity of Passau, Faculty ofBusiness, Economics and Information Systems,Chair of Organisation, Technology Managementand Entrepreneurship Prof.Dr.Dr. h.c. Friederike Welter Institut für Mittelstandsforschung (IfM) Bonnand University of Siegen, School of EconomicDisciplines, Professor of Business Administration,esp. SME Management and Entrepreneurship Dr. Markus Rieger-FelsInstitut für Mittel-standsforschung (IfM) Bonn Maria TheißenUniversity of Kassel, Faculty ofEconomics and Management, Economic Policy,Innovation and Entrepreneurship (EPIE) group,and International Center for Higher EducationResearch (INCHER) Table of Contents Foreword9 ExecutiveSummary12 A CURRENTDEVELOPMENTS AND CHALLENGES A0Where We Stand: Economic Development Weak andR&I System Under Pressure18 A120th Legislative Period: R&I Policy Nowhere Nearth