为罗马尼亚北维斯特的人口变化做准备

Preparing forDemographic ChangeinNord‑Vest, Romania Preparing for DemographicChange in Nord‑Vest,Romania This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressed herein can inno way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. ISBN 978-92-64-99824-7 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-90686-0 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-70247-9 (HTML) OECD Regional Development StudiesISSN 2789-7990 (print)ISSN 2789-8008 (online) Photo credits:Cover © Alexander Spatari/Getty Images Plus. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Over the past two decades, nearly half of OECD non-metropolitan regions near a large city, 40% of smallcities and 40% of rural remote regions saw their populations decrease—a trend that is expected to continuein many places. In the European Union, for example, two-thirds of regions are projected to have lesspopulation in 2050 than they had in 2019, while nearly 9 of 10 regions are projected to have a highermedian age. Some regions also face high rates of emigration, particularly of young and skilled workers.Shrinking, ageing and emigration can have a strong impact on a region, potentially leading to adeterioration of public finances, skill and labour shortages, underused land and housing, loss of communityvitality and higher service provision costs. In the face of demographic change, regions need to proactively adapt to ensure the continued well-beingof residents. This requires re-scaling and updating policies, governance structures, public services andinvestments to match future populations. By proactively adapting, governments can ensure they cancontinue to provide a high-quality built environment and effective public services, which can ultimatelyincrease their attractiveness to employers and to talent. In order to help regions in the EuropeanUnion better respond to demographic change, the EuropeanCommission (EC) issued aCommunicationin January 2023onHarnessing Talent in Europe’s Regions.This led to the establishment of theTalent Booster Mechanism(TBM), which aims to assistregions intraining, retaining and attracting people with the necessary skills and competences to mitigate the impactof demographic transition.Under Pillar 2 of the TBM, the OECD is providing technical assistance to tenregions to support smart adaptation to demographic transition: Region Autónoma dos Açores (PT),BanskáBystrica Self-Governing Region (SK), Campania (IT), Castilla y León (ES), Centre-Val de Loire (FR),Extremadura (ES),Nord-Vest (RO),Norte (PT), Regional Councilof Pohjois Savo (FI) and Thessalia (EL). Each of the ten regions are receiving a report with tailored analyses and recommendations to help themadapt to demographic change. The reports include a detailed assessment and recommendations, and fourmain chapters. Chapter2 sets the scene with an overview of the socio-economic context, the ‘talentdevelopment trap’ and the institutional and policy context. Chapter 3 explores adapting land-use andspatial planning to demographic chang