变化世界中的性别平等：回顾与展望

Gender Equality inaChanging World Taking Stock andMoving Forward Gender Equality at Work Gender Equalityin a Changing World TAKING STOCK AND MOVING FORWARD This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed andarguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use ofsuch data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements inthe West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by the Republic of Türkiye The information in this document with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island. There is no singleauthority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiye recognises the Turkish Republic ofNorthern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is found within the context of the United Nations, Türkiyeshall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European UnionThe Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye. Theinformation in this document relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of the Republic of Cyprus. Please cite this publication as:OECD (2025),Gender Equality in a Changing World: Taking Stock and Moving Forward, Gender Equality at Work, OECDPublishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/e808086f-en. ISBN 978-92-64-63276-9 (print)ISBN 978-92-64-46761-3 (PDF)ISBN 978-92-64-96222-4 (HTML) Gender Equality at WorkISSN 2957-5958 (print)ISSN 2957-5966 (online) Photo credits:Cover © Prostock-studio/Shutterstock.com. Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found at: https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/support/corrigenda.html.© OECD 2025 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of the original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Sizeable gender gaps persist in economic, social, andpolitical outcomes despite significant progress (andrising awareness) over the last century in member countries of the European Union (EU) and theOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The EU GenderEqualityStrategy2020-25tackled many of these gender gapsthrough policy and legislative actions, with considerablesuccess, yet challenges persist.Continued action–including viaa new strategy–is neededto achievefull gender equality in the EU. To support these efforts, theEuropean Commission (EC) Directorate-General for Justice and Consumerspartnered with the OECD Directorate for Employment, Labour and Social Affairs (ELS)tomap existinggender gaps andidentify new ways to address structural gender inequalitiesin future policies in EU andOECD countries.The report presents the findings of this research, including a quantitative assessment ofthe state of gender equality in all 43EU and OECD countries using surveys and administrative data; areviewof cross-portfolio policies that advance gender equality with the aim of dismantling silos; aconceptual framework for evaluating and assessing the impact of legal, policy and budgetarymeasures ongender equality; anda list of recommendations forpolicyaction. Gender equality at the OECD Gender equality is a strategic p