2025年量子指数报告

Howtocitethisreport Ruane, J., Kiesow, E., Galatsanos, J., Dukatz, C., Blomquist, E., Shukla, P., “The Quantum IndexReport 2025”, MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology,Cambridge, MA, May 2025. The Quantum Index Report 2025 by Massachusetts Institute of Technology is licensed underCC BY-ND 4.0Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International. Interactivewebsiteandpublicdata The Quantum Index Report 2025 is accompanied with interactive tools available on ourwebsite (qir.mit.edu) and we share our raw data with the community available to download fromour website (qir.mit.edu/data). In memory of Shawneric Hachey, whose unique talent and dedication shaped the way thisproject is presented today. This work was supported by the Engineering Research Centers Program of the National Science Foundation underNSF Cooperative Agreement No. 1941583. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. Team JonathanRuane, Principal Investigator and Editor-in-ChiefMIT Sloan School of ManagementMIT Initiative on the Digital Economy ElifKiesow, Senior Researcher and Project ManagerMIT Initiative on the Digital Economy JohannesGalatsanos, ResearcherMIT Initiative on the Digital Economy CarlDukatzAccenture EdwardBlomquistAccenture PrashantShuklaAccenture This research is a collaboration between Accenture and the MIT Initiative on the Digital Economy (IDE) and wasperformed under the MIT and Accenture Convergence Initiative for Industry and Technology. Introduction2025 Quantum Index Report Quantum technologies are evolving from theoretical concepts into tangibletechnologies with commercial promise. Their rapid progress is capturingglobal attention and suggests we stand on the cusp of a second quantumrevolution. While the first quantum revolution gave us the rules of thequantum world and applied them to create groundbreaking technologiessuch as semiconductors, lasers, MRI machines and atomic clocks, thesecond quantum revolution, by contrast, focuses on controlling andengineering quantum systems directly—such as using qubits for computingor entangled photons for communication. Unlocking the quantum opportunity is not simple. One challenge is thatquantum technologies can present a high barrier to understanding for non-experts because they often rely on complex principles and concepts froma variety of specialist fields, many of which don’t lend themselves easilyto analogy. Superposition and entanglement have no direct equivalencein our everyday experience. This can lead business leaders, educators,policymakers and others to feel quantum is ‘not for me’. Our vision for the Quantum IndexReport is to create a comprehensive,data-driven assessment of the stateof quantum technologies. Vision The Quantum Index Report aims to reduce the complexity and make it possible for awider audience to have a deeper understanding of the quantum landscape. Like mosttransformative technologies, the success of quantum will depend not only on inventors,physicists and engineers, but also on entrepreneurs, investors, designers, teachers, anddecision-makers who can help shape how the technology is developed, commercialized,and governed. By making the field more accessible and inclusive, we stand a betterchance of realizing its full potential—for science, industry, and society at large. Our vision for the Quantum Index Report is to create a comprehensive, data-drivenassessment of the state of quantum technologies. For this inaugural edition we havefocused on quantum computing and networking. The report tracks, measures, andvisualizes trends across research, development, education and public acceptance.It aggregates data from academia, industry and policy sources and aims to providenonpartisan insights. Where possible, the underlying data behind this report is availableonline where you will also find additional data and visualizations (www.qir.mit.edu). Community We look at activity in the quantum landscape through a broad range of perspectives.We have aggregated publicly available data, contributed original data, and extractednew metrics by combining data series. However, the challenges are substantial, thefield remains nascent and data is oftentimes sparse, difficult to gather, invisible to us ornon-existent. We acknowledge there are many limitations and biases, such as our USfocus in this edition. To achieve the broader goals of this project we need the supportof a global community, and invite you to participate in any way you can. We welcomedatasets, analysis, commentary or descriptions of what else you would like to seeincluded. Please connect via the Get-Involved section of our website (www.qir.mit.edu/get-involved) or directly by email (contact@qir.mit.edu). MIT’s motto ismens et manus, translated as “mind and hand”. This motto reflectsthe ideals of the institute which