2000-2024年家庭饮用水、环境卫生和个人卫生方面的进展：特别关注不平等问题

Special focuson inequalities2000-2024 LAUNCHVERSION WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene Progress on householddrinking water,sanitation and hygiene Special focuson inequalities2000-2024 page 59: © UNICEF/UNI793363/Meerzad; page 60: © UNICEF/UNI585053/Chikondi; page 61: © UNICEF/UNI726103/Maung Nyan;page 64: © UNICEF/UNI618669/Kaur; page 67: © UNICEF/UNI458374/UNICEF/YPN; page 71: © UNICEF/UNI815201/Dawod; page 74:© UNICEF/UNI104677/Holmes; page 76: © UNICEF/UNI627016/Alhamdani; page 77: © UNICEF/UNI675192/Ramasomanana; page 78:© UNICEF/UNI675181/Ramasomanana; page 82: © UNICEF/UNI773623/Adesegun; page 85: © UNICEF/UN0594006/Parashar;page 87: © UNICEF/UNI608711/Shaka Vumbi; page 92: © UNICEF/UNI565830/Das; pages 100 and 101: © UNICEF/UNI807952/Samba;page 103: © UNICEF/UNI399211/Bidel; page 109: © UNICEF/UNI784165/Vigné; page 174: © UNICEF/UNI514966/Malla; Back cover:© UNICEF/UNI646915/Naftalin. Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene2000–2024: special focus on inequalities ISBN (WHO) TBD (electronic version)ISBN (WHO) TBD (print version) This joint report reflects the activities of the World Health Organization(WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Some rights reserved.This work is available under the Creative CommonsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0IGO; <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo>). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt thework for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriatelycited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO or UNICEF endorses any specific organization,products or services. The unauthorized use of the WHO or UNICEF namesor logos is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must licenseyour work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If youcreate a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimeralong with the suggested citation: ‘This translation was not created by theWorld Health Organization (WHO) or the United Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF). Neither WHO nor UNICEF are responsible for the contentor accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be thebinding and authentic edition.’. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation ofthe material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinionwhatsoever on the part of WHO or UNICEF concerning the legal statusof any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines onmaps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet befull agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ productsdoes not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO orUNICEF in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned.Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products aredistinguished by initial capital letters. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall beconducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World IntellectualProperty Organization (<http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules>). The figures included in this report have been estimated by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply, Sanitation andHygiene (<https://www.washdata.org>) to ensure compatibility; thus, theyare not necessarily the official statistics of the concerned country, area orterritory, which may use alternative methods. Suggested citation.Progress on household drinking water, sanitation andhygiene 2000–2024: special focus on inequalities. Geneva: World HealthOrganization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF),2025. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO and UNICEF to verifythe information contained in this publication. However, the publishedmaterial is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressedor implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the materiallies with the reader. In no event shall WHO or UNICEF be liable fordamages arising from its use. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at <http://apps.who.int/iris>. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see <http://apps.who.int/bookorders>. To submit requests for commercial use andqueries on rights and licensing, see <http://www.who.int/about/licensing>. Design, layout and production by Elwa Design Ltd. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work thatis attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is yourresponsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuseand to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claimsresulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in thework r