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A Comprehensive Guide for Regulators to Establish andManage Regulatory Sandboxes Effectively TECHNICAL PAPER July 2025 Regulatory Sandbox Toolkit A Comprehensive Guide for Regulators to Establish andManage Regulatory Sandboxes Effectively ThisToolkit was developed as part of the project Advancing Regulatory Policy in Croatia throughInnovation and Digitalisationin collaboration with the Ministry of Economy, Croatia. This project was funded by the European Union via the Technical Support Instrument, and implementedby the OECD, in co-operation with the European Commission. This document was produced with the financial assistance of the European Union. The views expressedherein can in no way be taken to reflect the official opinion of the European Union. This work was approved and declassified by theRegulatory PolicyCommittee on6 June 2025. Photo credits: Cover ©Jacob Wackerhausen/gettyimages. © OECD 2025 Attribution4.0 International (CCBY4.0)This work is madeavailable under the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution–you must cite the work.Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text oforiginal work should be considered valid.Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECDor of its Member countries.Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules2012. The seat of arbitration shall be Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Acknowledgements ThisToolkitwas prepared by thePublic Governance Directorate (GOV)under theleadershipof ElsaPilichowski,Director, and the direction of Anna Pietikäinen, Head of GOV’sRegulatory Policy Division.Miguel Amaral,Senior Policy AnalystandBecky King, Policy Analyst, in the OECD Regulatory PolicyDivision oversaw thedevelopment of the toolkitbyLorenzo Allio (allio|rodrigo consulting), Miroslav Kosovic(Knot99) and Knut Blind (Fraunhofer ISI). The OECD is grateful toFilip Kočiš and Jasminka BarićoftheCroatianMinistry of Economyfor reviewingthe Toolkit,with contributions from Marko Šilić, Mislav Marciuš, Krešimir Katranček, Dino Pinjo, DarkoBandula and Alan Vukić. Table of contents Acknowledgements3 1 Introduction5 About regulatory sandboxes5About this Toolkit and how to use it6 2 The steps of a sandbox8 Step 1. Planning and designing the sandbox8Step 2. Executing the sandbox12Step 3. Closing and learning from the sandbox15 Annex A. The “Sandbox Test”19 Annex B. Legal bases for regulatory experimentation 23 Annex C. Regulatory Sandbox Workbook31 References and additional resources52 FIGURES Figure2.1. Steps of a sandbox9Figure2.2. Sandbox exit options17 FigureA.1. Issues to consider before launching the RS process20 TABLES TableB.1. Sections of the experimentation clause text23TableC.1. Ensuring data quality through data management processes and criteria47 1Introduction Aboutregulatorysandboxes Regulatorsin today’sfast-pacedtechnological environment are confronted with the challenge of striking afine balance between safeguarding consumer protection and market integrity while fostering innovation.Technologies such as blockchain, FinTech, and Artificial Intelligence often donot completely align withexisting regulatory frameworks. Thiscan createuncertainty, which can stifle innovation as businessesmight hesitate to invest in new technologies without clear regulatory predictability. Additionally,theyfacethe challenge ofadaptingtheirregulatory frameworks to keep pace with technological advancements. One way to try toaddressand mitigate such dynamics is through “Regulatory Sandboxes” (RS), animportant instrument of Regulatory Experimentation (RE).A regulatory sandbox typically involves atemporary regulatory waiver or flexibility, allowing new products, services, or business models tobe tested with fewer regulatory constraints. The purpose of sandboxes is to understand theopportunities and risks associated with specific innovations and to develop an appropriateregulatory environment to accommodate them effectively(OECD, 2024[1])and(Federal Ministry forEconomic Affairs and Climate Action (Government ofGermany), 2