结核病数据生成和使用综合指南：模块3：国家结核病流行率调查

National tuberculosisprevalence surveys Consolidated guidance on tuberculosis data generation and useModule 3 National tuberculosisprevalence surveys Consolidated guidance on tuberculosis data generation and use. Module 3. National tuberculosis prevalence surveys ISBN 978-92-4-010800-4 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-010801-1 (print version) © World Health Organization 2025 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriatelycited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specific organization, products orservices. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalentCreative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation:“This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation.The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World IntellectualProperty Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Consolidated guidance on tuberculosis data generation and use. Module 3. National tuberculosis prevalence surveys.Geneva: World Health Organization; 2025. Licence:CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available athttps://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, seehttps://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submit requests forcommercial use and queries on rights and licensing, seehttps://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures or images, it is yourresponsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claimsresulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of anyopinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning thedelimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yetbe full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHOin preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products aredistinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material isbeing distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lieswith the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Designed by minimum graphics Cover design by Irwin Law Contents AcknowledgmentsvAbbreviationsviiChapter 1Introduction1Chapter 2Protocol development and standard operating procedures9Chapter 3Screening and diagnostic algorithms23Chapter 4Survey case definitions: classifying who is, and who is not, a survey TB case35Chapter 5Sampling design45Chapter 6Interviews and data collection tools67Chapter 7Chest radiography79Chapter 8Diagnostic investigations115Chapter 9Clinical management: TB and other conditions135Chapter 10HIV and comorbidities143Chapter 11Ethical considerations161Chapter 12Survey organization and training169Chapter 13Field operations185Chapter 14Survey monitoring211Chapter 15Budgeting and financing219Chapter 16Data management229Chapter 17Final analysis and estimation of prevalence251Chapter 18Comparing results from repeat and previous surveys277Chapter 19Reporting and dissemination of survey findings289Chapter 20Use of survey data303 Acknowledgements This guidance on national tuberculosis (TB) prevalencesurveys was developed by a core group of people wholed the preparation of individual chapters and par-ticipated in meetings at which draft chapters werereviewed. Overall coordination was provided by IrwinLaw and Katherine Floyd (Global Programme for Tuber-culosis & Lung Health, World Health Organization, WHO/GTB). Chapter 1(Introduction) was prepared by Kathe