基础帮助技能培训手册：一种基于能力的方法，用于培训帮助者以支持成年人

Foundationalhelping skillstraining manualA competency-based approachfor training helpers to supportadults Foundational helping skills training manual: a competency-based approach for training helpers to support adultsISBN (WHO) 978-92-4-010593-5 (electronic version)ISBN (WHO) 978-92-4-010594-2 (print version)ISBN (UNICEF) 978-92-806-5634-3 (electronic version)© World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 2025This joint report reflects the activities of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United NationsChildren’s Fund (UNICEF)Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0IGO licence (CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO;https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo).Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes,provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be nosuggestion that WHO or UNICEF endorses any specific organization, products or services. The unauthorizeduse of the WHO or UNICEF names or logos is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license yourwork under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, youshould add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by theWorld Health Organization (WHO) or the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Neither WHO nor UNICEF areresponsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding andauthentic edition”.Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediationrules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules).Suggested citation.Foundational helping skills training manual: a competency-based approach for traininghelpers to support adults. Geneva: World Health Organization and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF),2025. Licence: CCBY-NC-SA3.0IGO.Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/.Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/about/policies/publishing/copyright.Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such astables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse andto obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user.General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publicationdo not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO or UNICEF concerning the legalstatus of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet befull agreement.The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsedor recommended by WHO or UNICEF in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errorsand omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters.All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO and UNICEF to verify the information contained in thispublication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressedor implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shallWHO or UNICEF be liable for damages arising from its use. ContentsAcknowledgements............................................................................................viiiAbout this training manual...................................................................................1Approach to development................................................................................................................................ 2Section 1. Foundational helping skills and a competency-based training approach..............................................5Foundational helping skills...................................................................................6Competencies, competency-based training, EQUIP and ENACT........................7Competencies and competency-based training........................................................................................... 7The EQUIP initiative............................................................................................................................................. 7EQUIP and foundatio