移动网络中的能源管理和灵活性

2ENERGY MANAGEMENTAND FLEXIBILITY IN MOBILENETWORKSby NGMN AllianceVersion:1.0Date:24 July 2025Document Type:Final DeliverableConfidentiality Class:PublicProgramme:Green Future NetworksApproved by / Date:NGMN Alliance Board / 14 July 2025For Public documents (P): © 2025 Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance e.V. All rights reserved. No part of this documentmay be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written permission from NGMN Alliance e.V.The information contained in this document represents the current view held by NGMN Alliance e.V. on the issues discussed as ofthe date of publication. This document is provided “as is” with no warranties whatsoever including any warranty of merchantability,non-infringement, or fitness for any particular purpose. All liability (including liability for infringement of any property rights)relating to the use of information in this document is disclaimed. No license, express or implied, to any intellectual propertyrights are granted herein. This document is distributed for informational purposes only and is subject to change without notice.Readers should not design products based on this document. 3TABLE OF CONTENTSEXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................301INTRODUCTION....................................602CHALLENGES ANDOPPORTUNITIESFROM RENEWABLES ANDA FLEXIBLE ENERGY MARKET..........703OVERVIEW OF ENERGYMANAGEMENT ANDTHE ENERGY MARKET.........................83.1Energy Market......................................103.1.1Energy Flexibility MarketPotential................................................103.1.2Actors and Roles of the EnergyFlexibility Market.................................123.1.3Energy Market Typesand Flexibility Service Types..........133.1.3.1Energy Market Types.........................133.1.3.2Flexibility Service Types....................143.1.3.3Virtual Power Plant.............................163.1.4New Value-Added Servicesfor Mobile Network Operators.......1704CONSIDERATIONS FORADOPTING ENERGYMANAGEMENT STRATEGIES...........194.1Enablers and pre-requisitesfor Energy ManagementStrategies...............................................194.2Forecasting Considerations.............204.2.1Forecasting Site EnergyConsumption.......................................214.2.2Energy Price Forecast.......................224.2.3Forecasting Renewable EnergyProduction.............................................234.3Considerations on Batteriesin Energy Management.....................244.4Considerations on the EnergyFlexibility Market................................244.4.1Participating to the Flexibleservices through Energymanagement.........................................2505SITE-LEVEL ENERGYMANAGEMENT....................................265.1Multi-SourceEnergy Management..........................275.2Energy Storage Management.........285.2.1Limiting Carbon Footprintand Maximising VRE Usage.............295.2.2Battery Supply Coordination..........315.2.3Excess VRE Control.............................325.2.4VRE Generation andSemi Dynamic Tariffs.........................325.2.5Dynamic Tariffs....................................3306NETWORK LEVELENERGY MANAGEMENT..................356.1Network Level EnergyManagement as CooperationArchitecture between EnergyMarket and Mobile Networks.........356.1.1Exemplary Solution forAncillary Services – Europe..............366.1.2Exemplary Solution forVirtual Power Plants – China...........376.1.4Exemplary Solutionfor WholesaleMarkets – Europe................................396.2Coordinating Network EnergyManagement and NetworkPerformance Management.............416.3.Efficient Energy ConsumptionInformation Exchange AcrossNetwork Nodes...................................4307BEST PRACTICES..................................4408LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.................4609REFERENCES.........................................4810LIST OF FIGURES.................................4911LIST OF TABLES....................................50ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.....................................51 4EXECUTIVE SUMMARYEnergy Management is a key issue for operators as they seek to manage costs and integrate renewable energyinto their operations whilst continuing to meet demand and users’ performance and quality expectations.In this context, operators need to adopt the right energy management strategies to manage the energydemand on their base station sites in the most sustainable and cost-effective way.So far, operators have primarily focused on acquiring low carbon energy from the grid and hedging forlonger to ensure a cheaper and more stable supply of low carbon energy. In this publication, NGMN presentsenergy management strategies that take advantage of the opportunities from the energy market allowingoperators to reduce their operational costs and even create new value-added services through energyflexibility initiatives (see Figure 1).This publication provides a consolidated view of the identified benefits of