增强东南亚区域货运的连通性、可持续性和弹性

This report assesses large-scale regional freight transport infrastructure projects and policypathways for ten countries in Southeast Asia:Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR,Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Thailand, Singapore and Vietnam, with a particular focus onThailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines.It examine how policies and infrastructure investment canhelp to achieve connectivity, decarbonisation, and resilience goalsacross the region.The ITF’s global freight transport model predicts that demand for freight transport will nearly doublein Southeast Asia by 2050, placing considerable strain on infrastructure and service quality whilecontributing to rising carbon emissions. If current policy and infrastructure pathways continue, roadfreight is expected to remain the dominant mode for surface transport in the region, leading tomajor roadway congestion, higher transport costs, and a substantial carbon footprint for the sector.The study’s scenario analysis finds that connectivity-focused policy measures, including expandinginvestment in railways and ports, streamlined border crossing procedures, and providing incentivesfor high-capacity vehicle adoption, result in a shift towards multimodal freight and fewer delays forinternational shipments. Fuel efficiency standards, investments in vehicle electrification, and otherdecarbonisation-focused measures cut the carbon intensity of freight movements in Southeast Asia.As a result of these policy measures, average transport costs to reach global markets are expected todecline by as much as 20% for some Southeast Asian countries, and region-wide carbon emissionsfrom freight transport are estimated to remain constant between 2025 and 2050 despite theconsiderable increase in demand. While certain trade-offs are observed, in general, the ambitiouspolicy measures complement one another, producing a well-integrated regional freight transportsystem that is more competitive, efficient, environmentally-friendly and adaptable to disruptions.Find more information and additional project deliverables at the links below:Link to project webpage.Link to project deliverables.Reportsummary HighlightedrecommendationsRegional connectivityStrengthen cooperation to simplify border crossingprocedures by harmonising standards and documentation.Enhance road, rail and port integration to streamlinetranshipment at major regional logistics hubs.Prioritise upgrades to regional corridors to reduce transportcosts, and complete missing regional road and rail links.Establish a regional connectivity task force to enhance publicand private sector capacity in logistics coordination,digitalisation, and corridor management.IndonesiaExpand rail freight corridors on Java and Sumatra, includingthe electrification of the Trans-Sumatra Railway.Upgrade the capacity of Makassar andBelawanports,integrating them with industrial parks and rail networks.Implement green port initiatives, integrating shore power,solar energy, and hydrogen and LNG bunkering.Improve early warning systems for landslide-prone freightcorridors in Kalimantan and Sumatra using risk mapping andpredictive maintenance.Find the full list of evidence-based policy recommendations inChapter 6. Regional resilienceEstablish regional climate risk protocols and early warningsystems for major ASEAN land and sea freight corridors.Deploy joint disaster response and monitoring platforms toenable rapid logistics rerouting and asset protection.Upgrade secondary and inland corridors to improve networkredundancy, making capacity available during disruptions.Strengthen institutional capacity for climate-adaptive freightplanning through regional knowledge-sharing, risk mapping,and predictive maintenance systems.ThailandImprove rail freight capacity on the busy Bangkok–Nong Khaiand Bangkok–Chiang Mairoutes, andexpand cross-border railfreight connections with Vietnam and Laos.Promote inland waterway freight development on the ChaoPhraya and Mekong riversthroughoperatortaxincentives.Subsidise the development of electric truck charging stationsalong the East-West and North-South economic corridors.Promote the use of high-capacity vehicles to alleviate roadwaycongestion in Greater Bangkok and central Thailand. Regional decarbonisationAlign regional freight decarbonisation with national climatestrategies by strengthening emissions standards.Prioritise rail and inland waterway freight expansion,and invest in charging infrastructure for electric trucks.Expand green port initiatives (e.g. shore power, alternativefuel infrastructure) at major maritime hubs.Expand technical assistance and regional knowledge-sharingprogrammes to address capacity gaps in clean freight policyand infrastructure implementation.ThePhilippinesExpandroll-on, roll-off (Ro-Ro)ferry networks to facilitategrowing demand for inter-island freight transport.Improve urban freight efficiency by introducing dedicatedtruck lanes and congestion pricing in Metro Manila.Promote the ad