迈向更广阔的国家绩效观

2The World Government Summit is a global platform dedicated to shapingthe future of governments worldwide. Each year, the Summit sets theagenda for the next generation of governments with a focus on how theycan harness innovation and technology to solve universal challengesfacing humanity.The World Government Summit is a knowledge exchange center at theintersection of government, futurism, technology, and innovation. Itfunctions as a thought leadership platform and networking hub forpolicymakers, experts and pioneers in human development.The Summit is a gateway to the future as it functions as the stage foranalysis of future trends, concerns, and opportunities facing humanity.It is also an arena to showcase innovations, best practice, and smartsolutions to inspire creativity to tackle these future challenges.AnsweringTomorrow’sQuestionsToday 4There’s a fundamental societal shift underway—and many governmentsare missing it. Across a range of markets, consumers increasingly judgeproduct performance by the experience it generates as part of a broaderecosystem. In response, forward-looking companies have adoptedapproaches such as “design thinking” which goes beyond the focus on asingle product or service and places the overall customer experience atthe center of corporate strategy and innovation choices. National decisionmakers and government leaders, however, are still mainly relying on theproduct equivalent to assess policy performance, failing to consider theequivalent of consumer experience--the well-being of citizens.The growth of Gross Domestic Product is indeed the most commonnational performance metric—used by governments and widely tracked byinternational organizations and the media. But GDP is a narrow measurethat focuses on economic factors, shedding little light on critical societaloutcomes such as education, health and the distribution of wealth.Progress to address its well-known flaws has been glacial and should beaccelerated. But improvements under consideration will not address a corelimitation of GDP—the fact that it captures economic output but not theday to day experience and life of citizens. GDP needs to be complementedwith other measures and share the limelight with them.We propose a new approach, one in which government policy is guidedat a high level by a three-fold view of national performance: first,economic value generation; second, individual perceptions of well-being and third, national outcomes (averages and distributions) andcharacteristics that affect well-being. These three measures—essentiallyeconomic performance, subjective well-being and objective well-being--are impacted by a number of common factors. But they remaindistinctly different and, when assessed separately, can yield valuablecomplementary insights.This proposal draws from our experience working with country andregional leaders on national strategies and from the work on the objectivemeasure of well-being used in The Boston Consulting group’s SustainableEconomic Development Assessment (SEDA). SEDA is a fact-baseddiagnostic tool to assess the relative well-being of countries based on tendimensions including governance, health and education.Policy-making informed by a three-fold view that includes well-beingwill be improved. Win-win policies will likely receive more attention whilepolicies that serve only narrow economic objectives will be sidelined orgiven low priority. TopicsThe Value—and the Shortcomings—of GDPSubjective Well-BeingObjective Well-BeingComparing Subjective and ObjectiveMeasures of Well-BeingConclusionTable of ContentThree-fold View of Performance 081518302832 8Economic value generation is central toprogress. After all, without a growingeconomy it is hard for government to improvethe welfare of many segments of society.That is why Gross Domestic Product remainsthe most widely used measure of nationalprogress. GDP, with its focus on value added,has proven useful as an accounting frameworkfor economic activity and a link betweenmicroeconomic and macroeconomic lenses.It is well-established and well-understood,providing a commonly accepted set of metricsto track progress across time and to makecomparisons across countries. As a result,GDP should remain a central area of focus forpolicy makers and national leaders.However, as the measure of nationalperformance, GDP has significant limitations.These issues, which have been explored byresearchers, policy analysts and other experts,include: what is counted; how things aremeasured; and the focus on averages versusdistributions. An example of the first issue isthe exclusion from GDP of non-remuneratedwork--at home or outside when volunteering.(Volunteer labor, incidentally, is on the risein many parts of the world as the length ofactive post-retirement life grows). Examplesof the second issue revolve around the growthof the intangible part of the economy andthe complexity of transactions around supplychains. And a significant effect is on theimportant topic