沿海地区基于自然的解决方案如何帮助应对全球危机

in collaboration with The World Government Summit is a global platform dedicated toshaping the future of governments worldwide. Each year, the Summitsets the agenda for the next generation of governments with a focuson how they can harness innovation and technology to solve universalchallenges facing humanity.The World Government Summit is a knowledge exchange center at theintersection of government, futurism, technology, and innovation. Itfunctions as a thought leadership platform and networking hub forpolicymakers, experts and pioneers in human development.The Summit is a gateway to the future as it functions as the stage foranalysis of future trends, concerns, and opportunities facing humanity.It is also an arena to showcase innovations, best practice, and smartsolutions to inspire creativity to tackle these future challenges.To Inspireand EnableThe Next Generationof Governments01World Government Summit Table of ContentsAuthorsExecutive SummaryWorking with NatureMangrovesOyster ReefsSeagrass MeadowsCoral ReefsTopicsConclusions & Recommendations 0607091319253137 AuthorsLead Authors:•Andrew Thurley, Senior Director of Economicsand Sustainability, PwC Middle East•Tanzeed Alam, ESG Advisor to PwCSupporting Author:•Sonya Benjamin, Biodiversity, Ecology and Avifauna ExpertConsultant, Biosphere Conservation Consulting Services ExecutiveSummary07 Ecosystem services provided by nature are a hugely under-ratedasset. Coastal ecosystems in particular provide a wide range ofbenefits for our planet and humankind – natural capital – whichremain undervalued. Seagrass meadows, for example, are amore powerful carbon sink than terrestrial forests. Mangrovesand oyster beds are sources of food and fuel and act as naturalbuffers against storm surges and cyclones, which are becomingfiercer with climate change. Coral reefs are the most productivehabitat in the marine realm, supporting more than 25% of allmarine species,1and also sustain many jobs in tourism.Ultimately, nature is priceless. However, it is not valueless.Estimates of the total value of the world’s ecosystem servicesamount to twice as much as global GDP – as much as US$125 -145 trillion per year.2And yet, because our financial and national accounting systemsdo not assign a monetary value to the services provided bynature, natural habitats3are overexploited and degraded. Theworld has lost 85% of oyster reef habitats in the past century andhalf of the world’s mangrove forests in the past 50 years. Coralreefs face extinction within the next few decades.4The planetmay be losing 7% of its seagrass cover every year and this rate islikely accelerating.5The loss of these natural habitats endangers biodiversity,accelerates climate change and impoverishes livelihoods.Protecting and regenerating coastal ecosystems is therefore ofvital importance.This report centres on the benefits of coastal regeneration forcountries in Africa, East Asia and the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC). All three regions have large coastal areas that supportmany livelihoods but are vulnerable to the impacts of climatechange.Nature-based Solutions (NbS) are regenerative interventionsthat seek to work with nature to reverse the damage caused toour natural environment. If implemented cohesively and in anintegrated manner, NbS have the potential to address multipleoverlapping challenges simultaneously. They can help mitigateclimate change, reverse biodiversity loss, help prevent futurepandemics and support economic development.Furthermore, NbS are low-tech, affordable and have thepotential to create lots of jobs, which means they are particularlysuited to the developing world, where the impact of globalwarming and environmental degradation is more acutely felt.There is now an unprecedented opportunity for governmentsin East Asia, Africa and the GCC to embrace NbS as part ofefforts to rebuild economies and address their overlappingclimate, environmental and economic challenges. With the rightpolicies, enabling conditions and relatively modest investment,governments can unlock the full potential of NbS.By including NbS in national development plans and climatestrategies, governments also add to their toolbox for meetingtheir international commitments to the UN Social DevelopmentGoals and the Paris Climate Agreement.The International Labour Organisationestimates 17 green jobs can be createdper million dollars spent on coastal habitatprotection.6 However, by their very nature, NbS are long-term projects. Toensure success, governments must begin to value natural capital;they must set aside long-term funding to allow NbS projectsto reach maturity; and they must recruit a diverse group ofstakeholders to win community support, assist with monitoringand enforcement, and share the benefits widely.Our human, environmental and economic health are inextricablylinked. By including NbS within green growth recovery strategies,governments will be securing a more resilient and sustainablefuture for their people and th