美国家禽生产中的抗生素管理（2013-2023年报告）

IntroductionReport Collection MethodsUpdated research, supported by U.S. Poultry & Egg Association, has beenreleased quantifying the U.S. poultry industry’s on-farm antibiotic use. Thenew report adds data from 2023 to the previously published peer-reviewedreports and now covers the use of antibiotics from 2013 through 2023 forU.S. broiler chickens and turkeys and from 2016-2023 for U.S. layer chickens.The data is collected, analyzed and published under the research directionof Dr. Randall Singer, DVM, PhD, of Mindwalk Consulting Group, LLC and theUniversity of Minnesota.The data collected through the voluntary participation of U.S. poultrycompanies demonstrates a commitment to antibiotic stewardship and diseaseprevention within poultry production. As part of its commitment to thetransparency and sustainability of a safe food supply, the poultry industry aimsto strike a balance between the responsible use of antibiotics, especially thoseconsidered “medically important” to human health and keeping poultry flockshealthy.Data regarding antibiotic use among broiler chickens and turkeys wasreported from the hatchery until the day of harvest through the 11-yearcollection period of 2013-2023, with major poultry companies in the UnitedStates voluntarily reporting their antibiotic use data. Data for the table eggindustry was reported from the hatchery throughout production for the eight-year collection period of 2016-2023.For all three datasets, a substantial fraction of U.S. production is included,based on a comparison to annual U.S. production numbers reported by theNational Agricultural Statistics Service of USDA. Again, participation by thesecompanies was entirely voluntary. Specifically, the datasets represent:Approximately150 MillionAverage Hens in LayApproximately8 BillionBroiler Chickens(more than 46% ofannual U.S. layer/eggproduction)(more than 86% ofannual U.S. chickenproduction)46%U.S. Poultry & Egg Association Relevant AgriculturalRegulations & InformationFDA Guidance #209The judicious use of medically importantantibiotics in food-producing animalscalls for 1) limiting medically importantantibiotics (for human medicine) to uses infood-producing animals that are considerednecessary for assuring animal health; and 2)limiting such antibiotics to uses in food-producing animals that include veterinaryoversight or consultation.FDA Guidance #213Provided veterinarians and poultryproducers with guidance, information and adeadline by which they would need to alignwith Guidance #209.FDA Veterinary Feed Directive (VFD)VFD Antibiotics are given to the animalsthrough feed, and permitted only underthe professional supervision of a licensedveterinarian.What are“Medically Important”Antibiotics?Medically important antibiotics are thosethat are important for treating humandisease, as defined in FDA GFI #152.Antibiotic Stewardship W ithin U.S. Poultry Production2013-2023 Report Approximately150 MillionTurkeys(more than 71% ofannual U.S. turkeyproduction)71%86% 2 ResultsMedically important in-feed antibioticuse inbroiler chickens decreased substantially:Hatcherygentamicinuse decreasedalmost 48% from2013 to 2023There has beennoreported in-feedtetracycline usesince 2019, andvirginiamycin usehas decreasedabout 99%overthe 11-year periodgentamicin48%tetracycline99.6The Difference BetweenBroiler Chickens andTurkeysFor many reasons, the data records ofantibiotic use among broiler chickens andturkeys in U.S. poultry agriculture shouldneither be combined nor compared.U.S. Poultry & Egg Association Key Changes Among Broiler ChickensOver the 2013–2023 PeriodKey Changes Among TurkeysOver the 2013-2023 PeriodBroiler chickens receiving antibiotics in the hatcherydecreased from 90% (2013) to less than1% (2023)Turkeys receiving antibiotics in the hatcherydecreased from 97% (2013) to approximately 40% (2023)Medically important water-soluble antibioticuse in broiler chickens decreasedsubstantially from 2013–2019 but has increased for some antibiotics from 2020-2023:Medically important water-soluble antibioticuse in turkeys decreasedsubstantially from 2013–2019 and then stabilized or increased from 2019–2023. Increases were typically due to increased disease incidence, as seen inother countries as well, during the 2019–2023 period:Medically importantin-feed antibioticusein turkeys decreasedsubstantially:virginiamycin99%tetracycline58%%Broiler Chickens•Lower Body Weight•Shorter Life Span•Less Susceptible toLifetime Illness•Smaller Doses RequiredTurkeys•Higher Body Weight•Longer Life Span•More Susceptible toLifetime Illness•Larger Doses RequiredIn-feedtetracyclineusedecreasedmore than58%over the11-year periodpenicillin42%since 2013lincomycin62%since 2013lincomycin usedecreased 66% from2013- 2020, but hasincreased 11% from2020-2023 due toincreases in gangrenousdermatitis incidencepenicillin use decreasedby more than 64%from 2013 to 2019,but has increased 60%from 2019-2023 due togangrenous dermatitisincidencepenicillin53%since 2013lincomycin50