成熟经济体的保险不足：原因与补救措施

Reasons and remediesJune 2019 The Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurance companies; ourmembers are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs). Based on rigorous research conducted incollaboration with our members, academic institutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to Identifyand investigate key trends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlighting whatis at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and for policymakers; provide a platform toour members, policymakers, academics, multilateral and non-governmental organisations to discuss these trendsand recommendations; reach out to global opinion leaders and influential organisations to highlight the positivecontributions of insurance to better understand risks and to build resilient and prosperous economies and societies,and thus a more sustainable world.Underinsurance in Mature Economies—Reasons and remediesPublished by The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics, Zurich.The Geneva Association—International Association for the Study of Insurance EconomicsTalstrasse 70, CH-8001 ZurichEmail: secretariat@genevaassociation.org | Tel: +41 44 200 49 00 | Fax: +41 44 200 49 99 www.genevaassociation.orgJune 2019© The Geneva AssociationPhoto credits:Cover page—Rawpixel.com, Shutterstock. Underinsurance in Mature EconomiesReasons and remediesKai-Uwe SchanzSenior Advisor and Director Socio-Economic ResilienceThe Geneva Association 2www.genevaassociation.orgAcknowledgementsThis publication is an output of the Protection Gap research programme of The Geneva Association, co-sponsored byChristian Mumenthaler, Group CEO of Swiss Re, and Markus Riess, CEO of ERGO.We are very much indebted to the members of the working group established in support of our Protection Gap researchactivities, namely: Manuel Aguilera (Mapfre), Karl Gray (Zurich), Arne Holzhausen (Allianz), Thomas Holzheu (Swiss Re),Kei Kato (Tokio Marine Group), Stefan Kröpfl (Zurich), Gisela Plassmann (ERGO), Flemmich Webb (Lloyd’s) and ClarenceWong (Swiss Re).ContentsForeword1.Management summary2.The current state of the art in explaining underinsurance—a pentagon of root causes2.1.Behaviour and perceptions2.2.Economics2.3.Institutions2.4.Sociodemographics2.5.Culture3.General findings from the 2018 Geneva Association global customer survey3.1.Background and methodology3.2.Relevant customer perceptions3.3.Reasons for underinsurance3.4.Remedies for underinsurance4.Deep dive on non-life insurance4.1.Private health insurance4.2.Residential property insurance5.Recommendations for insurersReferences @TheGenevaAssoc4671113131415151517172021232526 Foreword 3Underinsurance in Mature Economies–Reasons and remediesProtection gaps are well documented. Contrary to general belief, they are not limitedto developing and emerging countries but are also common in advanced economies.Across various protection needs people use less insurance than economically beneficial—even after taking into account that insureds should retain some risks according to theirpersonal risk appetite, risk bearing capability and cost-efficiency considerations. Societiesare faced with significant protection gaps, and practitioners, academics and policymakersalike are struggling to come up with plausible explanations which could inform corporateand public decision-making.Against this backdrop, The Geneva Association recently commissioned a comprehensivecustomer survey on the reasons and potential remedies for underinsurance, focusingon 7 mature insurance markets and including a total of 7,000 interviewees. The results,encouragingly, reveal that the fundamental notion of insurance and its vital role in theeconomy and society are widely understood. However, this is not true for the industry’sproducts and inner workings. The resultant ‘black box perception’ translates into agenerally negative opinion of insurance, with adverse implications for insurance demand.The survey offers a resounding corroboration of the role of behavioural economics andfinance in understanding obstacles and identifying potential stimulants to insurancedemand. Importantly, the report also confirms that many of these behavioural factors arenot immutable exogenous factors but can actually be influenced or even reshaped by theinsurance industry’s actions.The following report, with a particular emphasis on property and health insurance, notonly provides an in-depth analysis of the survey results but also highlights commonalitieswith and differences from previous academic and non-academic studies and polls. Assuch, this publication aims to make an original contribution to the global protectiongap and underinsurance debate—an aspiration which is perfectly aligned with the coremission of The Geneva Association to promote insurance for a better world.Jad ArissManaging DirectorThe G