气候变化：健康和人寿保险的未来会怎样？

CLIMATE CHANGE:What does the future hold forhealthhealth and life insurance?Adrita Bhattacharya-Craven, Director Health & Demography,The Geneva AssociationContributing authors:Maryam Golnaraghi, Director Climate Change & Environment,The Geneva AssociationMadeleine Thomson, Head of Impacts and Adaptation, WellcomeTalia Caplan, Research Manager, Wellcome The Geneva AssociationThe Geneva Association was created in 1973 and is the only global association of insurancecompanies; our members are insurance and reinsurance Chief Executive Officers (CEOs).Based on rigorous research conducted in collaboration with our members, academicinstitutions and multilateral organisations, our mission is to identify and investigate keytrends that are likely to shape or impact the insurance industry in the future, highlightingwhat is at stake for the industry; develop recommendations for the industry and forpolicymakers; provide a platform to our members and other stakeholders to discuss thesetrends and recommendations; and reach out to global opinion leaders and influentialorganisations to highlight the positive contributions of insurance to better understandingrisks and to building resilient and prosperous economies and societies, and thus a moresustainable world.WellcomeWellcome is a global charitable foundation established in 1936. Wellcome supports scienceto solve the urgent health issues facing everyone. Wellcome funds curiosity-driven researchand is taking on three of the biggest health challenges facing humanity: climate change,infectious disease and mental health. With a £37 billion investment portfolio, Wellcomegives researchers the time and resources they need to make breakthroughs. Wellcomeworks with policymakers, runs advocacy campaigns, and forms partnerships with otherorganisations to ensure everyone, everywhere benefits from advances in health science.Geneva Association publications:Pamela Corn, Director CommunicationsHannah Dean, Editor and Content ManagerJooin Shin, Digital Content and Design ManagerSuggested citation: The Geneva Association. 2024.Climate Change: What does the future hold for health health and life insurance?Author: Adrita Bhattacharya-Craven. February.© The Geneva Association, 2024 All rights reservedwww.genevaassociation.orgPhoto credits:Cover page – Unsplash 2 ForewordExecutive summary1.Introduction1.1Background1.2The policy context1.3Relevance of this study2.Climate change, health and health systems2.1The impact of climate change on health: A comprehensive view2.2Categorisation of climate-related risks2.3Climate shocks and the role of health systems3.Implications for health and life insurance3.1The current impact of climate change on H&L insurance products3.2The impact of climate change on the future availability, structure andpricing of H&L insurance products3.3Narrowing down the problems4.The way forward4.1Assembling data prospectively4.2Investing in innovation4.3Playing a bigger role in the policy environmentReferencesContents 568991012131522242527323637383940 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSWe extend our deepest gratitude to the following contributors, who participated ininterviews carried out for this report.•Gijs Kloek (Achmea)•Lee Tsz-Kin, Kiran Ojla, Timothy Beardsall, Paul Lloyd, Wilfred Luk, Myralini SanthiraThesan, Amita Chaudhury (AIA)•Adriana Lecu (Allianz)•Sarah Ebrahimi (Blue Marble)•Domenico Di Napoli (Generali)•Alexander Krauskopf (German Association of Actuaries (DAV) and Deloitte)•Maria McGowan (Manulife)•Eduardo Sanchez Delgado (MAPFRE)•Stewart Ashkenazy, Winston Wisehart, Leonard Reback (MetLife)•Joanne Buckle (Milliman)•Frank Schiller, Mike Taht, Mathias Orban, Tobias Grimm (Munich Re)•Achim Regenauer (PartnerRe)•Georgiana Willwerth, Chris Falkous (RGA)•Meng Meng (SCOR)•Melissa Leitner, Daniel Meier, Adam Strange, Prachi Patkee (Swiss Re)•Jordi Balcells, Andrea Davila Brindley, Pilar Lindín Soriano, Carlos Alberto Quero, SusanaTorrente, Ángel Antón, Albert Puig and Liseth Lemus (VidaCaixa)•Deepak Jobanputra and Kate Anderson (Vitality UK)•Chetan-C Nitnawre (formerly AIA)We also would like to thank Joana Setzer (London School of Economics) for hercontribution to the section on litigation risks, Kari Nadeau (Harvard T.H. Chan School ofPublic Health) for the useful discussion on section 3 and Gianni Biason (Swiss Re) for hisinsights on parametric insurance.This publication is a product of the Health & Demography work stream of The GenevaAssociation (GA), co-sponsored by Thomas Buberl, CEO of AXA, and Michel Khalaf, CEOof MetLife. We are very much indebted to members of the working group, established insupport of the research activities of the GA’s Health & Demography work stream, whoguided the development of this report at every stage: Paul Lloyd, Christian Wards andTim Beardsall (AIA), Lukas Junker (Allianz), Alfred Beil and Hélène Chauveau (AXA), PeterJohnstone (Chubb), Noriyoshi Hosokawa and Jiro Kamiko (Dai-ichi Life), Bárbara CamposFaria (Fidelidade), Michele Rendine, Dominico D