欧洲电力行业联盟-新工业时代-为欧洲工业竞争力量身定制的电气化途径

Content Context and objectives01Project approach and methodology02Findings03Conclusions04An ecosystem approach05 A secure energy supply isessential for industry to flourish.European reliance on fossil fuelimports exposes our industriesto heightened volatility of fueland affects electricity prices.The European Union is also drivingtowards climate-neutrality by 2050.Industry represents over 20% of carbonemissions (2022), as the third largestsector behind energy supply anddomestic transportation1. Industrialelectrification, supplied by net zerogeneration technologies, creates anopportunity for industry to increasecompetitiveness, reduce exposure toexternal volatility and decarbonise. Thepath to electrification is well-trodden forprocesses which require low-mediumtemperatures (below 500 degrees) withmature technologies available e.g. heatpumps or electric boilers, but morechallenging for high-temperatureprocess (above 500 degrees) wheretechnologies are less mature, e.g.electrical crackers for chemicals.Therefore, this study explores differentindustrial archetypes to understand thecompetitiveness of industrialelectrification vis-a-vis fossil fuelprocesses and highlight potentialactions required to support it.1Greenhouse gas emissions by country and sectorContext andobjectives Electrification is the catalystfor a resilient, competitiveand climate-neutral industry,shielding us from fossil fuelvolatility while driving forwarda sustainable future. EU role as innovation leaderIEA analysis found that clean energy(manufacturing, deployment andequipment sales) accounted for 10% ofglobal GDP growth in 20236. TheEuropean Union is projected to accountfor over a third of heat pumpmanufacturing capacity by 2030, almostdoubling from 18% currently7. As newelectrification technologies are rapidlydeployed, Europe has the potential todrive innovation and establish itself as aglobal player. Similarities could be drawnto offshore wind where Europeanmanufacturers benefitted from firstmover advantage with Denmark installingthe first offshore wind farm in 1991 - andcontinue to hold leadership inmanufacturing of key turbinecomponents, as well as in thefoundations and cables industry. 4Climate change impacts, risks and adaptation5Direct electrification of industrial process heat6Clean energy is boosting economic growthSovereignty benefitsIn 2023 and 2024, fossil fuel imports costthe EU over €350bn annually2, following arecord amount in 2022 of over €600bn2,exposing industry to geopoliticalvolatilities (i.e. a loss of supply or volatileprices). Industrial electrification improvesenergy efficiency, lowers carbon cost,lowers exposure to import dependencyand increases European and industrialresilience.Economic benefitsFrom a total cost of ownershipperspective, this study demonstrates thatthere is a path towards competitiveness(where electrification outcompetes fossilfuel alternatives), with some industriesalready there. 7Advancing Clean Technology ManufacturingClimate impactEurope is heating at twice the global rateand will have to learn to live in a climatethat is 3 degrees warmer, even in thebest-case scenario where global warmingis limited to the Paris Agreementthreshold of 1.5 degrees3- resulting inexponentially more heatwaves and otherextreme weather events. Between 1980and 2023, weather- and climate-relatedextreme weather events causedeconomic losses of €738 billion in theEuropean Union, with over €162 billion(22%) between 2021 and 20234. Threequarters of industrial CO2from burning fossil fuels that provideprocess heat. By 2035, 60-90% ofindustrial energy demand could bedirectly electrified, with technologiesreadily available today or underdevelopment5.To achieve climateneutrality by 2050, immediate action isrequired. 2EU imports of energy products - latest developments3European Climate Risk AssessmentWhy industrial sectorelectrification mattersElectrification of industrialsectors is critical to reinforceEurope’s sovereignty, realiseeconomic benefits, addressclimate impact and enhance itsrole as an innovation leader emissions result Electrolysers achieved a 66% reductionbetween 2000 and 2005, as they wentfrom prototype to deployment11.Unlocking these levels of reduction, forindustrial applications, presents anopportunity to increase thecompetitiveness of electrification.The outlook is positive for electrictechnologies. For example, heat pumpinvestment costs could decrease by20-40% in certain countries, includingGermany by 2030 (IEA, 2022). This isprimarily driven by increased scale andmanufacturing advancements.Industry and Original EquipmentManufacturers (OEMs) will need tocollaborate closely to drive innovativesolutions in engineering, processdesign and manufacturing to driveefficiencies; especially when economiesof scale are harder to be achieved dueto a limited number of installations withtailor-made designs. Additional support may be requiredthrough favourable policy frameworks todrive innovation and scaling oninnovativ