在摩尔多瓦推广热泵：路线图（英）2025

Co-funded bythe European Union INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract Buildings account for more than half of Moldova’s final energy consumption, withthree-quarters of that used for space and water heating. At the same time,Moldova lacks domestic hydrocarbon resources and imports more than 80% of itsprimary energy. Heat pump technology offers Moldova an effective means ofaccelerating the transition in building heating. The recent expansion of Moldova’s solar and wind capacity also means that heatpumps can now play a greater role in cutting greenhouse gas emissions andlowering local air pollution. Finally, Moldovan’s 2024 referendum, endorsing thegoal of European Union membership, underscores the country’s commitment toEuropean integration. Outlining an effective path to decarbonise energy use is aprerequisite for joining the bloc and heat pumps can play a central role in this. Moldova faces several notable barriers to heat pump adoption including the highupfront costs of heat pump technology and installation, alongside limited industryexperience. Public awareness and demand for heat pumps remain low, with manyconsumers deterred by cost and maintenance concerns. This roadmap takes stock of the current landscape, draws on the experience ofother countries and offers policy recommendations to spark a discussion andadvance heat pump adoption in Moldova. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits This roadmap was written and produced by Duncan Gibb (Energy Scout) in co-operation with Antti Rauhala (Caspian and Black Sea Programme Officer) andTalya Vatman (Caspian and Black Sea Programme Manager). Markus Fager-Pintilä provided invaluable support with data, analysis and figures. The report benefited from valuable inputs, comments and feedback from IEAcolleagues, in particular Chiara Delmastro, Roland Gladushenko, Rafael MartinezGordon and Fabian Voswinkel. Thanks go to the IEA Communication and Digitalisation Office for their assistancein producing the roadmap, particularly to Astrid Dumond, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin,Clara Vallois, Poeli Bojorquez and Gaelle Bruneau. Nicola Clark carried editorialresponsibility. Special thanks to Mihai Tirsu, EU4Energy Country Expert for Moldova, for his in-country coordination and input. Many senior government officials and international experts provided input andreviewed a preliminary draft of the report. Their comments and suggestions wereof great value. They include: colleagues from the Ministry of Energy the Ministryof Environment of the Republic of Moldova, particularly Andrei Cucoş (Ministry ofEnvironment) and Carolina Novac and Nicolae Magdil (Ministry of Energy);Serghei Suruceanu (ALTAL); Denis Surdu (Di&Trade Engineering SRL); GalinaErmurachi(National Bureau of Statistics);Corina Chelmenciuc(NationalSustainable Energy Center); Marian Brinza (S.A. CET Nord); Iurie Razlovan (S.A.TERMOELECTRICA) and Mihail Lupu and Dumitru Braga (Universitatea Tehnicăa Moldovei). Thank you to the European Commission for their critical support of the IEA’s workon EU4Energy. Theindividuals and organisations that contributed to this report are notresponsible for any opinions or judgements it contains. All errors and omissionsare solely the responsibility of the IEA. Table of contents Executive summary................................................................................................................. 6Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 9Status and key indicators...................................................................................................... 12Heat pumps in Moldova ........................................................................................................ 24Building the market ...............................