电动汽车充电相关的国家和州法规

Interested in national requirements and state-based Service and Installation Regulations (SIRs)governing domestic EV charging installations?Here’s what you need to know. Disclaimer: The Electric Vehicle Council (EVC) is not your local electrical regulator.Therefore, this guidance should be considered in combination with input from yourrelevant electrical regulator or licensed electrical inspector. It is not to be interpreted aslegal guidance. If in doubt, please contact the relevant electrical regulator in your regionfor clarification. What are the national requirements? In Australia, we have a document known as “the wiring rules’,AS/NZS 3000:2018. Thisdocument serves as the bible for electricians, as it defines all manner of things relatingto electrical installations. The wiring rules are a standard maintained by StandardsAustralia, and can be purchased from here:https://infostore.saiglobal.com/en[1]au/Standards/AS-NZS-3000-2018-98926_SAIG_AS_AS_208028/ The 2018 version of the standard has a few new provisions that relate to EV charginginstallations. Appendix P, in particular, is an informative piece relating to electricvehicle charging in Australia. The appendix is informative, rather than normative, andthis was the first time that the wiring rules contemplated EV charging. The guidanceprovided in the appendix is a good start and in particular it provides good explanationon the selection of RCDs (Residual Current Devices). Appendix P provides guidance on which type of RCD is appropriate upstream of EVcharger installations. For instance, according to the appendix, type B RCDs areindicated if the charging station does not have the capability to detect DC faultcurrents. In the case where charging station has the ability to detect DC fault currentand shut down, RCD type A is sufficient, and is lower cost. Manufacturers of EV charging stations are generally converging towards putting DCfault current detection in the charging station, in response to the regulatoryrequirements in international jurisdictions. Do we need an isolator? AS3000:2018 is not 100% clear on the topic of whether an isolator is needed at an EVcharging station. Most charging manufacturers and installers believe it’s a good idea,for the same reason that an isolator is required next to an air-conditioning unit – ifmaintenance is required, the person doing the maintenance wants to be certain thatthe unit stays switched off while his or her hands are inside it. This aspect is likely toget cleared up in the next revision of the standard. What are the requirements of cable sizing? Cable sizing from the upstream supply to the EV charger is done in accordance with adifferent standard, AS/NZS 3008.1.1:2017. This is the same standard that electricians useto size any cable. Among other things, it takes into account the current that the cableneedsto support,the distance the cable needs to run,and the nature of thesurrounds of the installation. These things are important, because if the cable is undersized for the job, it’ll get hot.A typical 32 A single phase AC charger, installed in a domestic home, will usually needcable with a cross sectional area of 6 mm2.However, particularly long distances willtake the sparky to using a larger gauge cable (such as 10 mm2), and particularly easyinstallations may be achievable with lighter gauge cable (such as 4 mm2). In addition to the notes above, installers are required to follow the manufacturers’installation instructions.So, if the manufacturer specifies cable with 10 mm2 crosssectional area, for example, that’s what needs to be used. What do Service and Installation Rules(SIRs) tell us about domestic EVcharging? In addition to the national rules, there are state based requirements known asService and Installation Rules (SIRs). These documents are free to downloadand add additional requirements in the various state and territories applicableto EV charging. In particular, the SIRs address the maximum size of switchedload that may be installed, which typically includes single phase EV chargers.For example, some of the states allow 32 A chargers that could be installedwhilst others cap the rating to 20 A. Victoria TheVictorian SIRsdo not have any specific section or discussion on EVcharging. Section 6.5.3 deals with the phase imbalance and suggests that inmost areas (which are served by three phase supply) connecting a single-phase load above 25 A between active and neutral conductors should not bedone. This said, the clause is framed as advice rather than a mandatedrequirement, so at the discretion of the installing electrician, a 32 A EV chargercan still be installed. New South Wales (NSW) Similar to the Victorian SIRs, theNSW SIRsdo not have any specific section onEVs. Like the Victorian rules, section 1.17.2.3 of NSW SIRs provides guidance inthe direction of limiting single phase equipment to 25 A. As was the case withVictorian SIRs, it is a guide, rather than a mandate. Therefore, there is s