印尼公正能源转型伙伴关系（JETP）

A retrospective of progressand navigating changes Authors and Acknowledgments Authors Rizky FauziantoAndika Akbar HermawanBrian O’HanlonWini RizkiningayuSelim Sardag Authors listed alphabetically. All authors are from RMI unless otherwise noted. Contacts Rizky Fauzianto,rfauzianto@rmi.orgWini Rizkiningayu,wini.rizkiningayu@rmi,org Copyrights and Citation Rizky Fauzianto, Andika Akbar Hermawan, Brian O’Hanlon, Wini Rizkiningayu, and Selim Sardag,Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP): A Retrospective of Progress and Navigating Changes,RMI, 2025,https://rmi.org/insight/indonesias-just-energy-transition-partnership-jetp. RMI values collaboration and aims to accelerate the energy transition through sharing knowledge andinsights. We therefore allow interested parties to reference, share, and cite our work through the CreativeCommons CC BY-SA 4.0 license.https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. All photos by iStock unless otherwise noted. About RMI Rocky Mountain Institute (RMI) is an independent, nonpartisan nonprofit founded in 1982 that transformsglobal energy systems through market-driven solutions to secure a prosperous, resilient, clean energyfuture for all. In collaboration with businesses, policymakers, funders, communities, and other partners,RMI drives investment to scale clean energy solutions, reduce energy waste, and boost access to affordableclean energy in ways that enhance security, strengthen the economy, and improve people’s livelihoods. RMIis active in over 60 countries. Table of Contents Introduction: Reflection on Indonesia’s JETP1 Governance Barriers to Advancing Indonesia’s Energy Transition3Energy Planning Complexities in Indonesia’s Power Sector3The Need for a Comprehensive Framework Aligned with National Strategies4Challenges in Realizing JETP Financing Commitments4 New Visions, New Leadership6 Leadership Transition: From Lessons Learned to Closing Targeted Gaps6Aligning the JETP with Indonesia’s “Move Up the Value Chain” Vision8Reconciling Growth, Energy Security, and Decarbonization9Leveraging New JETP Leadership for Convening Power and Collaboration10 Shift Focus From “Coal Exit Only” to Ensuring Secure andAffordable Clean Energy Major Policy Hurdles Hindering Coal Retirement Efforts12Optimizing Coal Retirement with Repurposing along with Renewables13Ensuring Workforce Development in the Energy Transition15Building Homegrown Transition Strategies through Local Integration16 Conclusion: From Pledge to Pathway — Reframing Indonesia’sEnergy Transition through the JETP18 Endnotes19 INTRODUCTION Reflection on Indonesia’s JETP When Indonesia’s Just Energy Transition Partnership (JETP) was launched in 2022, it introduced somethingunprecedented in Southeast Asia: a mechanism for financing the early retirement of coal, paired withcleaner power development, while ensuring financial protection for asset owners, investors, and thegovernment. This was a major innovation — not just in ambition, but also in structure. It created thefoundation for dialogue across ministries, financial institutions (FIs), and civil society, and offered a wayto align climate action with financial risk management. The JETP also uncovered the need to transitionand set a policy precedent for decarbonizing captive coal — which has been a growing phenomenon asIndonesia pursues its industrial and development goals. But while the JETP succeeded in building institutional and financial architecture, it too often unfolded outsidethe broader context of Indonesia’s development goals. The early narrative centered on emissions targetsand coal retirement, without consistently linking these efforts to national priorities: job creation, industrialgrowth, and energy security. The result was a climate-first platform with limited domestic resonance. Today, the JETP stands at a crossroads. Political conditions have shifted. The Coordinating Ministry ofMaritime Affairs and Investment (CMMAI), which drove early momentum, is no longer the central actor.Implementation now falls to the Coordinating Ministry of Economic Affairs (CMEA) and the Ministryof Energy and Mineral Resources (MEMR) — technically capable but politically constrained agencies.Meanwhile, international dynamics have evolved, with Germany assuming the International PartnershipGroup (IPG) chair. This moment offers both a challenge and an opportunity. The right response is not to lower ambition, butto reposition the JETP within Indonesia’s national development arc. That means moving from a narrativeand program of action with a solely coal-to-clean focus to becoming a driver of economic and developmentgrowth through well-planned clean, secure, and affordable energy transition. Indonesia’s policy priorities are entering a new phase. With aspirations for 7%–8% annual economicgrowth, an anticipated surge in electricity demand, and intensified efforts to climb the industrial valuechain, the policy focus is shifting. Among the importa