量子传感在位置、导航和定时应用中的案例

September 2024 QED-C®Member Proprietary Acknowledgments Thank you to the Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C) Use CasesTechnical Advisory Committee (TAC), especially the Sensing subgroup members (listed inAppendix D). Additionally, this report would not have been possible without the leadershipand contributions of the members of the workshop organizing committee: •Nadia Carlsten, SandboxAQ•Carl Dukatz, Accenture•Michael Larsen, Northrop Grumman•Bonnie Marlow, MITRE•Julián Martínez-Rincón, Brookhaven National Laboratory•Rima Oueid, US Department of Energy•Max Perez, Infleqtion•Keeper Sharkey, ODE, L3C TheNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) provided financial support for thisstudy. About QED-C QED-C is an industry-driven consortium managed by SRI. With a diverse membershiprepresenting industry, academia, government, and other stakeholders, the consortium seeksto enable and grow the quantum industry and associated supply chain. For more aboutQED-C, visit our website atquantumconsortium.org. Suggested Citation Quantum Economic Development Consortium (QED-C).Quantum Sensing for Position,Navigation, and Timing Use Cases. Arlington, VA. September 2024.https://quantumconsortium.org/pnt2024. Government Purpose RightsAgreement No.: OTA-2019-0001 Contractor Name: SRI InternationalContractor Address: 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA 94025Expiration Date: PerpetualUse, duplication, or disclosure is subject to the restrictions as stated in the Agreementbetween NIST and SRI. Non-US Government Notice Copyright © 2024 SRI International. All rights reserved. Disclaimer This publication of the Quantum Economic Development Consortium, which is managed bySRI International, does not necessarily represent the views of SRI International, any individualmember of QED-C, or any government agency. QED-C®Member Proprietary Table of Contents Executive Summary1Introduction4Quantum Sensors8Benchmarking Metrics9Innovation Landscape12Challenges to Scaling Quantum Sensors for PNT13Position, Navigation, and Timing Use Cases16Impact and Feasibility of Use Cases17Sensor Function20Sensing Deployment22Implementation Details of Selected Use Cases24MagNav for Resilient, Unjammable PNT24Precision Timing for Space-Based Networks25Small Satellite Orientation and Alignment26Reference and Resource Maps26Standardization and Validation Testbeds for Quantum Sensors27Recommendations28Appendix A: Methodology30Appendix B: Use Cases for Quantum Sensors in PNT36Appendix C: Workshop Participants42Appendix D: Use Cases Technical Advisory Committee – Sensing SubgroupMembers45 Executive Summary The demand for precise and reliable position, navigation, and timing (PNT)information has driven innovation in increasingly advanced measurement tools forcenturies, and the importance of these systems in today’s highly interconnected,technology-dependent world has never been higher. Nearly every industry —including health, defense, communications, transportation, finance, manufacturing,and energy — has some need for PNT tools. More advanced measurement canincrease reliability and resilience, andPNT infrastructure can offer a range ofcapabilities by providing information such as location, orientation, altitude, tilt,directional movement, acceleration, and timing. The Global Positioning System (GPS) has been the cornerstone of PNT for severaldecades, and the technology has evolved to increase accuracy, integrity, andsecurity as well as grow its range of uses. Other technologies, such as inertialnavigation systems and light detection and ranging (LiDAR), have also emerged toincrease the reliability of PNT information. Nevertheless, there are still limitations toall of these tools. For example, GPS‘s reliance on satellites makes it susceptible tospace weather events and potential adversarial actions in space, and threat agentscan interfere with GPS systems through jammingand spoofing. Quantum sensors can provide navigational information in environments where GPSsignals are unavailable or unreliable. Such sensorsinclude quantum accelerometersand gyroscopes, quantum magnetometers, and gravimeters and gravitygradiometers, all of which are discussed in this report.Many quantum sensors offerlevels of precision not possible with traditional approaches for measuring physicalquantities such as time, acceleration, and magnetic fields.Furthermore, networks ofquantum sensors can provide additionalreliability and accuracy in the collection ofPNT information. Quantum sensors have potential applications in the following high-feasibility, high-impact PNTuse cases identified by quantum sensing experts and PNT stakeholders: •magnetic navigation for resilient, unjammable PNT,•precision timing for space-based networks,•small satellite orientation and alignment,•reference and resource maps, and•standardization and validation testbeds forquantum sensors. This reportcompares performance metrics of quantum sensors and their classicalcounterpar