全球绿色金融指数14-补充“灾难与保险-缩小差距”

Sustainable Futures Beginning in March 2018, as part of its Long Finance initiative, Z/Yen published the first five editions ofthe Global Green Finance Index with the generous support of the MAVA Foundation, and morerecently with support from Abu Dhabi Global Market. Z/Yen continues this work and is pleased topresent the fourteenth edition of the Global Green Finance Index (GGFI 14). Z/Yenhelps organisations make better choices-ourclientsconsider us a commercial think-tank thatspots, solves, and acts. Our name combines Zen and Yen-‘a philosophical desire to succeed’-in aratio, recognising that all decisions are trade-offs. One of Z/Yen’s specialisms is the development andpublication of research combining factor analysis and professional assessments. Long Financeis a Z/Yen initiative designed to address the question“When would we know ourfinancial system is working?”This question underlies Long Finance’s goal to improve society’sunderstanding and use of finance over the long-term. In contrast to the short-termism that definestoday’s economic views the Long Finance time-frame is roughly 100 years. The authors of this report, Mike Wardle,Simon Mills, and Professor MichaelMainelli, would like to thank Bikash Kharel,Sasha Davis, Charlotte Dawber-Ashley andthe rest of the Z/Yen team for theircontributions with research, modelling,and ideas. Contents Summary Overview This is the fourteenth edition of the Global Green Finance Index (GGFI 14). The GGFI is a factorassessment index, based on a range of instrumental factors-quantitative measures-and a worldwidesurvey of finance professionals’assessments on the quality and depth of green finance offerings infinancial centres. GGFI 14 features 97 financial centres, with Minneapolis/St Paul entering the index forthe first time. There appears to be a slight drop in confidence in the development of green finance in financialcentres. In the last edition of the index, the average rating was up 4.21%, whereas in this edition theaverage rating is down 1.96% compared with GGFI 13, with only six centres improving their ratings. We continue to see strong performance from Western European centres, which reflects their history ofdeveloping green finance products and expertise. North American centres are also performing well.The general commitment of a city or jurisdiction to sustainability is a strong influence on the depth andquality of green finance in a financial centre. Among those responding to the GGFI survey, Energy Efficient Investment, Disinvestment From FossilFuels, and Green Loans are rated as the areas of green finance with most impact, while Energy EfficientInvestment, Renewable Energy Investment, and ESG Analytics are seen as the areas of most interest. Underlining the importance of policy in green finance, Risk Management Frameworks, Policy andRegulatory Frameworks, and International Initiatives, are listed by respondents as the major drivers ofgreen finance. In the supplement to this edition of the GGFI, we consider the response of the insurance industry tothe increasing risk of climate-induced catastrophes. We also explore the for a global climate risk poolfunded either through a global insurance levy, or donations from developed countries with coverprovided through existing commercial markets. Index ResultsLondon retained its first position in the index, while Zurich and Singapore overtook Geneva to take •second and third places.•Copenhagen re-entered the top 10 in this edition of the index, replacing Washington DC.•Western European centres take six of the top 10 places, with US centres taking two. Singapore is theonly Asia/Pacific centre in this leading group, with Montreal at 10th position.•The marginsseparatingcentres at the top of the index are small. Among the top 10 centres thespread of ratings is only 13 points out of 1,000.•Rome, Helsinki, and Sofia were the only centres to gain 10 or more places in the rankings, while justsix centres fell 10 or more places. Western EuropeSix Western European centres feature in the top 10 in GGFI 14 and a further five centres feature in •the top 20.•The average rating among Western European centres fell 1.82%. North America •New York dropped to fifth place overall, with Los Angeles and Montreal also in the world top 10.•All centres in North America fell in the ratings, with a fall of 2.46% in the average rating.•Minneapolis/St Paul entered the GGFI for the first time, ranking 31st in the world. Asia/Pacific •Singapore rose two rank places to take third position overall and leads the Asia/Pacific region, aheadof Seoul, Shenzhen, and Sydney.•The majority of centres in the region fell in the rankings, with only Singapore, Seoul, Shenzhen,Jakarta, Gift City-Gujarat, and New Delhi improving.•The average decrease in the ratings in Asia/Pacific was 2.66%. Middle East & AfricaDubai led in the Middle East & Africa but fell six rank places to 35th position. Abu Dhabi took •regional second place with Casablanca