重振失去的增长世纪：在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区建立学习型经济

Reclaiming the LostCentury of Growth Building Learning Economies inLatin America and the Caribbean William F. Maloney, Xavier Cirera, and Maria Marta Ferreyra Reclaiming the LostCentury of Growth Scan to see all titles in this series. Reclaiming the LostCentury of Growth Building Learning Economies inLatin America and the Caribbean William F. Maloney, Xavier Cirera, and Maria Marta Ferreyra © 2025 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000; Internet:www.worldbank.org Some rights reserved 1 2 3 4 28 27 26 25 This work is a product of the staff of The World Bank with external contributions. The findings, interpretations,and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the views of The World Bank, its Board ofExecutive Directors, or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in thiswork and does not assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, orliability with respect to the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions setforth. The boundaries, colors, denominations, links/footnotes, and other information shown in this workdo not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or theendorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The citation of works authored by others does not mean TheWorld Bank endorses the views expressed by those authors or the content of their works. Nothing herein shall constitute or be construed or considered to be a limitation upon or waiver of theprivileges and immunities of The World Bank, all of which are specifically reserved. Rights and Permissions This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 IGO license (CC BY 3.0 IGO)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo. Under the Creative Commons Attribution license, you are freeto copy, distribute, transmit, and adapt this work, including for commercial purposes, under the followingconditions: Attribution—Please cite the work as follows: Maloney, William F., Xavier Cirera, and Maria MartaFerreyra. 2025.Reclaiming the Lost Century of Growth: Building Learning Economies in Latin Americaand the Caribbean.World Bank Latin American and Caribbean Studies. Washington, DC: World Bank.doi:10.1596/978-1-4648-2205-6. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0 IGO Translations—If you create a translation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This translation was not created by The World Bank and should not be considered an officialWorld Bank translation. The World Bank shall not be liable for any content or error in this translation. Adaptations—If you create an adaptation of this work, please add the following disclaimer along with theattribution:This is an adaptation of an original work by The World Bank. Views and opinions expressedin the adaptation are the sole responsibility of the author or authors of the adaptation and are not endorsedby The World Bank. Third-party content—The World Bank does not necessarily own each component of the content containedwithin the work. The World Bank therefore does not warrant that the use of any third-party-ownedindividual component or part contained in the work will not infringe on the rights of those third parties.The risk of claims resulting from such infringement rests solely with you. If you wish to re-use a componentof the work, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that re-use and to obtainpermission from the copyright owner. Examples of components can include, but are not limited to, tables,figures, or images. All queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to World Bank Publications, The World Bank, 1818 HStreet NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; e-mail:pubrights@worldbank.org. ISBN (paper): 978-1-4648-2205-6ISBN (electronic): 978-1-4648-2244-5DOI: 10.1596/978-1-4648-2205-6 Cover image:Ramon Oviedo (Dominican Republic, 1927–2015), “Untitled,” circa 1982. Oil on canvas,80″× 130″. © Organization of American States, Art Museum of the Americas Collection. Gift of theDominican Republic. Photography: Rafa Cruz. Used with permission. Further permission required for reuse.Cover design:Bill Pragluski, Critical Stages, LLC. Library of Congress Control Number: 2025940216 Contents Foreword........................................................................................................................xiAcknowledgments........................................................................................................xiiiAbout the Authors......................................................................................................xviiAbbreviations...............................................................................................................xix Introdu