武汉的人工智能发展

ExecutiveSummary DeepSeek’semergence as a successful generative model—a niche where the UnitedStates was believed to hold an uncontested lead—is causing globalartificialintelligencewatchers to reassess China’s standing in the race toward artificial generalintelligence (AGI) and pay closer attention to China’s AI research and deployment. While large models continue to account for a significant part of its AI investment,China’s top state-funded AI institutes are exploring alternative approaches to AGI thatinvolve embodying AI algorithms in real environments. Imbued with the ChineseCommunist Party’s pre-defined values, the AI interacts with its natural surroundings,learning as it proceeds. The testbed for this proactive approach to AGI is China’s inland city of Wuhan, wherethe Chinese Academy of Sciences’ (CAS) Institute of Automation, Huawei, and aPeking University consortium are infusing the city’s industrial and commercialenterprises with AI services and deploying a “social simulator” that expands AI’s reachto all aspects of daily life. The intent is to optimize production and supervise social interaction while affording theAI opportunities to become more intelligent, catalyzing its evolution into AGI. TheWuhan implementation is seen by its state-backed entities as a steppingstone todeployment throughout China, raising questions about the type of technosociety withwhich the United States needs to compete. Table of Contents Executive Summary................................................................................................................................1Introduction...............................................................................................................................................3Large Computing Centers....................................................................................................................5AI Research Institutes............................................................................................................................8The AI Industry Chain.........................................................................................................................11Wuhan’s AGI Initiatives.....................................................................................................................13Values and Embodiment...................................................................................................................15Recommendations...............................................................................................................................18Authors....................................................................................................................................................19Appendix................................................................................................................................................20Acknowledgements............................................................................................................................19Endnotes.................................................................................................................................................21 Introduction The sudden emergence of Chinesecompany DeepSeekon the global scenedrovehome to western nations multiple lessons;namely, that the“gap” in AIbetweentheUnited Statesand China isnarrowerthan imagined,thatscaled upmodelsmaynotbethe onlyor even most viablepath forward,1and perhaps most importantly, that theUnited Statesand its allies lack a reliable system to track China’s AI progress.2 A fourth lesson is confirmation that China and theUnited Statesare in a race to buildartificial general intelligence(AGI),*which isDeepSeek’s aim and a goal shared byother Chinese companies, institutes, and the national government.3While the race istypically characterized as a competition for data and chips, DeepSeek’s shortcuts toprominence—with less lead time and compute—remind us that Chinese organizationsmay have other routes to AGI, such as better algorithms or typologicallydifferentsolutions(of which large statistical models may only be a component).4 One such approach—supplementing big static models with dynamic agents thatinteract with natural environments—was proposed by Beijing AI scientists as early as2021 as an alternative way to achieve AGI.5An implementation of this schema,referred to as “embodiment” (具身), is now being tested in Wuhan, with plans for anationwide rollout. Like DeepSeek’s earlier work, this event has not garnered attentionoutside China, although its import is potentially far greater. The Wuhan project has two main components. In May 2021, CAS’s Institute ofAutomation (中国科学院自动化研究所, CASIA, an AGI developer), Huawei, and WuhanEast LakeHigh-techDevelopment Zone revealed plans to build a Wuhan GeneralArtificial Intelligence Platform (武汉通用人工智能平台) and a “perception-cognition-decision whole chain ecology” as a basis for “autonomouslycon