2025年全球电动汽车展望
Global EVOutlook 2025 Expanding sales in diverse markets INTERNATIONAL ENERGYAGENCY The IEA examines the fullspectrumof energy issuesincluding oil, gas andcoal supply anddemand, renewableenergy technologies,electricity markets,energy efficiency,access to energy,demand sidemanagement and muchmore. Through its work,the IEA advocatespolicies that will enhancethe reliability,affordability andsustainability of energyin its32Member countries,13Association countriesand beyond. IEAAssociationcountries: IEAMembercountries: AustraliaAustriaBelgiumCanadaCzech RepublicDenmarkEstoniaFinlandFranceGermanyGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyJapanKoreaLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMexicoNetherlandsNew ZealandNorwayPolandPortugalSlovak RepublicSpainSwedenSwitzerlandRepublic of TürkiyeUnited KingdomUnited States ArgentinaBrazilChinaEgyptIndiaIndonesiaKenyaMoroccoSenegalSingaporeSouth AfricaThailandUkraine This publication and any mapincluded herein are withoutprejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory,to the delimitation ofinternational frontiers andboundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The EuropeanCommission alsoparticipates in thework of the IEA Source: IEA.International Energy AgencyWebsite: www.iea.org Abstract TheGlobalEVOutlookisanannualpublicationthatreportsonrecentdevelopments in electric mobility around the world. It is developed with the supportof members of the Electric Vehicles Initiative (EVI). The report draws on the latest data to assess trends in electric vehicle deployment,demand for their batteries and charging infrastructure. It considers recent policydevelopments and industry strategies shaping the outlook for electric vehicles indifferent markets. This edition features analysis of electric vehicle affordability,manufacturing and trade of electric cars and their batteries, and the total cost ofownership of electric heavy-duty trucks across various markets, and makesprojections to 2030. The report is complemented by updated versions of two online tools: the GlobalEV Data Explorer and the Global EV Policy Explorer, which allow users to furtherexplore EV statistics and projections, and policy measures worldwide. Acknowledgements, contributorsand credits TheGlobal EV Outlook 2025was prepared by the Energy Technology Policy(ETP) Division of the Directorate of Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks(STO) of the International Energy Agency (IEA). The project was designed anddirected by Timur Gül, Chief Energy Technology Officer. Araceli Fernandez Pales,Head of the Technology Innovation Unit, provided strategic guidance throughoutthe development of the project. Elizabeth Connelly co-ordinated the analysis andproduction of the report. The principal IEA authors were (in alphabetical order): Oskaras Alšauskas,Giovanni Andrean, Elizabeth Connelly, Mathilde Huismans, YuJin Jeong, TeoLombardo,ShaneMcDonagh,VeraO’Riordan,LeonardoPaoli,ApostolosPetropoulos, Jules Sery and Ottavia Valentini. Yoshihisa Tsukamoto, Qi Wangand Biqing Yang contributed to the research on EV supportive policies and OEMelectrification plans. Ivo Walinga also provided support on Chinese EV policies.Afonso Barroco and Gaia Poddighe supported research on EV statistics andprices. Hannes Gauch and Maria de Oliveira Laurin provided targeted support tothe project. Valuable insights and feedback were provided by senior management and othercolleagues from across IEA, including Laura Cozzi, Keisuke Sadamori, Tim Gould,Paolo Frankl, Dennis Hesseling, Brian Motherway, Hugh Hopewell, ThomasSpencer, Eren Cam and Shobhan Dhir. Per-Anders Widell, Charlotte Bracke andBérengère Merlo provided essential support throughout the process. Lizzie Sayeredited the manuscript. Special thanks go to Ryan Hanna, Jeffrey Myers and David Victor from theUniversity of California San Diego for their collaboration on influencing humanbehaviour around charging. Thanks go to the IEA’s Communications and Digital Office, particularly to JethroMullen, Lee Bailey, Isabella Batten, Poeli Bojorquez, Curtis Brainard, GaelleBruneau, Jon Custer, Astrid Dumond, Merve Erdil, Grace Gordon, Julia Horowitz,Oliver Joy, Isabelle Nonain-Semelin, Andrea Pronzati, Clara Vallois, Lucile Wall,Wonjik Yang. The work could not have been achieved without the financial support provided bythe EVI member governments and the funds received through the Global E-Mobility Programme funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The report benefitted from the high-calibre data and support provided by thefollowing colleagues: Mozah Alnuaimi (Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure,UnitedArabEmirates);DanielBarber(EnergyEfficiencyandConservationAuthority, New Zealand); Klaas Burgdorf (Swedish Energy Agency); Albert Dessi(Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water, Australia);Isabel Del Olmo Flórez (Institute for Diversification and Saving of Energy, Spain);JohannesHasibar(AustriaTech);JialinLi(ChinaSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers); Pieter Looijestijn (Ministr
