太阳能应用太阳能资源数据收集和使用最佳实践手册：第四版

Report IEA-PVPS16-6:2024 What is IEA PVPS TCP?The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organizationfor Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD).The Technology Collaboration Programme(TCP)was created witha belief that the future of energy security and sustainability starts with global collaboration. The programme is made up of6.000experts across government, academia, and industry dedicated to advancing common research and the applicationof specific energy technologies.The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) is one of theTCP’swithin the IEA and was established in1993.The mission of the programme is to “enhance the international collaborative efforts which facilitate the role ofphotovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy systems.” In order to achieve this, theProgramme’s participants have undertaken a variety of joint research projects in PV power systems applications. Theoverall programme is headed by an Executive Committee, comprised of one delegate from each country or organisationmember, which designates distinct ‘Tasks,’ that may be research projects or activity areas.The IEA PVPS participating countries areAustralia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Finland, France,Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Thailand, Turkiye, and the United States of America.The European Commission, Solar Power Europe, theSolar Energy Research Institute of Singapore and Enercity SA are also members.Visit us at:www.iea-pvps.orgWhat is IEA PVPS Task16?The objective of Task 16 of the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme is to lower barriers and costs of gridintegration of PV and lowering planning and investment costs for PV by enhancing the quality of the forecasts and theresources assessments.EditorsManajit Sengupta,1Aron Habte,1Stefan Wilbert,2Christian Gueymard,3Jan Remund,4Elke Lorenz,Wilfried van Sark,6and Adam R.Jensen71National Renewable Energy Laboratory2German Aerospace Center (DLR)3Solar Consulting Services4Meteotest AG5Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (Fraunhofer ISE)6Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development7Technical University of Denmark (DTU)DISCLAIMERTheIEAPVPSTCPisorganisedundertheauspicesoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)butisfunctionallyandlegallyautonomous.Views, findings and publications of the IEA PVPS TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or itsindividualmembercountriesCOVER PHOTOSby Dennis Schroeder: (clockwise, left to right) NREL 51934, NREL 45897, NREL 42160, NREL 45891, NREL 48097, NREL 46526.ISBN978-3-907281-66-6: Best Practices Handbook for the Collection and Use of SolarResource Data for Solar Energy Applications:Fourth Edition 5 IEA PVPS Task16Best Practices Handbook for theCollection and Use of Solar Resource Datafor Solar Energy Applications:Fourth EditionReport IEA-PVPS T16-6:2024September-2024ISBN978-3-907281-66-6 Foreword......................................................................................................................................viiPreface........................................................................................................................................viiiAcknowledgments........................................................................................................................xList of Acronyms..........................................................................................................................xi1The Importance of Solar Resource Information for Solar Power....................................1-12Overview of Solar Radiation Resource Concepts..........................................................2-12.1Extraterrestrial Irradiance Spectrum..................................................................2-22.2Solar Constant and Total Solar Irradiance.........................................................2-32.3Sun-Earth Distance and Extraterrestrial Radiation............................................2-52.4Solar Radiation and the Earth’s Atmosphere.....................................................2-62.5Solar Resource and Irradiance Components for Solar Energy Applications.....2-93Measuring Solar Radiation.............................................................................................3-13.1Introduction........................................................................................................3-33.2Radiometer Types..............................................................................................3-33.3Rear Plane-of-Array Irradiance and Surface Albedo Measurements................3-313.4Measurand and Instrument Selection................................................................3-433.5Measurement Station Design Considerations.............................................