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WHAT IS IEA PVPS TCP?The International Energy Agency (IEA), founded in 1974, is an autonomous body within the framework of the Organizationfor Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The Technology Collaboration Programme (TCP) was created witha belief that the future of energy security and sustainability starts with global collaboration. The programme is made up of6000 experts across government, academia, and industry dedicated to advancing common research and the applicationof specific energy technologies.The IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme (IEA PVPS) is one of the TCPs within the IEA and was established in1993. The mission of the programme is to “enhance the international collaborative efforts which facilitate the role ofphotovoltaic solar energy as a cornerstone in the transition to sustainable energy systems.” In order to achieve this, theProgramme’s participants have undertaken a variety of joint research projects in PV power systems applications. Theoverall programme is headed by an Executive Committee, comprised of one delegate from each country or organisationmember, which designates distinct ‘Tasks,’ that may be research projects or activity areas.The IEA PVPS participating members are Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, China, Denmark, Enercity SA, EuropeanUnion, Finland, France, Germany, India, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Morocco, the Netherlands, Norway,Portugal, Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore (SERIS), SolarPower Europe, South Africa, Spain, Sweden,Switzerland, Thailand, Türkiye, United States, and the United Kingdom.Visit us at:www.iea-pvps.orgWHAT IS IEA PVPSTASK16?The objective of Task 16 of the IEA Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme is to lower barriers and costs of gridintegration of PV and lowering planning and investment costs for PV by enhancing the quality of the forecasts and theresources assessments.Authors➢Main Content:Adam R. Jensen, IoannisSifnaios, Kevin S. Anderson, Christian A. Gueymard.DISCLAIMERThe IEA PVPS TCP is organised underthe auspices of the International Energy Agency (IEA) but is functionally and legally autonomous.Views, findings and publications of the IEA PVPS TCP do not necessarily represent the views or policies of the IEA Secretariat or itsindividual member countries Data for non-IEA PVPS countries are provided by official contacts or experts in the relevant countries. Dataare valid at the date of publication and should be considered as estimates in several countries due to the publication date.COVER PICTURECredit: Raw Pixel INTERNATIONAL ENERGY AGENCYPHOTOVOLTAIC POWER SYSTEMS PROGRAMMESolarStations.org—A global catalog of solar irradiancemonitoring stationsIEA PVPS Task 16Solar Resource for High Penetration and LargeScale ApplicationsPublished under the terms of the Creative CommonsCC-BY license in:Solar Energy,Volume 295, 15 July 2025, 113457https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2025.113457April2025 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors would like to thank (MINES ParisTech) and Anne Forstinger (CSP Services) forproviding input to the station catalog.This work has been developed within the International Energy Agency’s (IEA) expert task onsolar resource assessment, PVPS Task 16. Adam R. Jensen and Ioannis Sifnaios were sup-ported by the Danish Energy Agency through grant no.134232-510237.Kevin S. Anderson was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy’s Office of Energy Effi-ciency and Renewable Energy (EERE) under the Solar Energy Technologies Office AwardNumber 52788. Sandia National Laboratories is a multimission laboratory managed and op-erated by National Technology & Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC, a wholly owned sub-sidiary of Honeywell International Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy’s National NuclearSecurity Administration under contractDE-NA0003525. This paper describes objective tech-nical results and analysis. Any subjective views or opinions that might be expressed in thepaper do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Energy or the UnitedStates Government.This publication used data obtained from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) Langley Research Center (LaRC) Prediction of Worldwide Energy Resource(POWER) Project funded through the NASA Earth Science/Applied Science Program. DataarticleSolarStations.org—AglobalcatalogofsolarirradiancemonitoringstationsAdamR.JensenaDepartmentofCivilandMechanicalEngineering,TechnicalUniversityofDenmark, Kgs.Lyngby, DenmarkbSandiaNationalLaboratories, Albuquerque, NM, USAcSolarConsultingServices, Colebrook, NH, USAARTICLE INFOKeywords:DataarticleRadiationcomponentsSurfaceirradiancePyranometerPyrheliometer1.IntroductionToobtain solar surface irradiance data,three main sources arepresentlyavailable:ground-basedmeasurements,satellite-derivedesti-mates,andnumericalweatherpredictionmodeleddata[1].Thehighestaccuracycannormallybeachievedwithground-basedmeasurements,thoughachieving this requires rigorous maintenance practices andcarefulq