安哥拉的治理和反腐败斗争：Quid Vales？暴君焚城记

IMF Selected Issues PaperAfrican DepartmentGovernance and The Fight Against Corruption in Angola: Quid Vales? Quo Vadis?Prepared by Victor Duarte Lledó and Marco MiguelAuthorized for distribution by Amadou N. R SyMay2025IMF Selected Issues Papersare prepared by IMF staff as background documentation for periodicconsultations with member countries.It is based on the information available at the time it wascompleted on February 6, 2025. This paper is also published separately as IMF Country Report No 25/63.ABSTRACT:This paper reviews Angola’s recent reform efforts o strengthen good governance and fightcorruption. Angola has achieved some progress on he governance and anticorruption fronts since 2018 buthe strong momentum observed through 2022 has abatedGaps in most governance indicators remainsizeable and have started o widen n some cases. Closing these gaps is expected o deliver sizeableeconomic growth. While the legal framework is broadly appropriate, institutional autonomy, independence andtechnical capacity o enforce this legal framework supported by the adoption of more transparent, publiclyaccessible, participatory, and digitally automated procedures have generally lagged.RECOMMENDED CITATION:Duarte Lledó Victor and Miguel, Marco. “Governance and The Fight AgainstCorruption n Angola: Quid Vales? Quo Vadis?” IMF Selected Issues Paper (SIP/2025/060). Washington,H1,H57, H60,K42P48Angola, governance,corruption,rule of law,market regulationVLledo@imf.org;MMiguel@imf.org D.C.: International Monetary FundJEL Classification Numbers:Keywords:Author’s EMail Address: Governance and The Fight AgainstCorruption in AngolaQuid Vales? Quo Vadis?Prepared by Victor Duarte Lledó and Marco Miguel11 “The authors would like to thank Amadou Sy, Zviad Zedginidze, Carmen AvilaYiptong, Manuela Carneiro, Damian Ondo, and TitoNicias Filho. The usual disclaimers apply. ANGOLASELECTED ISSUESApproved ByThe AfricanDepartment PreparedbyVictor Duarte LledoandMarco Miguel 2INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUNDGOVERNANCE AND THE FIGHT AGAINSTCORRUPTION IN ANGOLA: QUID VALES? QUO VADIS?A.Introduction1.Governance and anti-corruption reform efforts experienced a strong momentumduring President’s Lourenço’s first administration (2017–22). Angola achieved progress inseveral governance fronts with the approval of new legislation; reforms to public financial andinvestment management (PFM and PIM) systems; increased oversight of state-owned-enterprises(SOEs) and financial institutions;and improvements in fiscal and resource management transparency,and central bank governance.This period was also marked by an unprecedent fight againstcorruption leading to the imprisonment and prosecution of high-profile figures, the creation of ananti-corruption unit, and a movement of the legal framework towards best international practices.This progress was reflected in improvements in several governance indicators.2.However, the reform momentum appears to have lost steam.Some reports byindependent observers flag that reforms have progressed more slowly than anticipated; furtherprogress on fiscal transparency has stalled and by some measures even backtracked; high-profileinvestigations are lingering and some recent opinion surveys are reporting growing corruptionperceptions (Figure 1).Moreover, notwithstanding some recent improvements in the legalframework, Angola was once again added to the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) grey list ofcountries with anti-money laundering/countering terrorism financing AML/CFT weaknesses (FATF,2024)3.This paper reviews Angola’s reform effort to strengthen good governance and fightcorruption since 2022.It builds on an initial assessment done in 2018 (IMF, 2018a) and subsequentupdates (IMF, 2022b; IMF, 2024a; IMF, 2022a). In doing so, it takes stock o governance reforms andassesses their impact on key governance outcomes over time and relative to peers. The paper alsoestimates the macroeconomic impact of closing governance gaps and proposes reform priorities.Section 2 provides a framework to define and assess progress and impact in strengtheninggovernance and fighting corruption. Section 3 quantifies and benchmarks Angola’s initial progressrelative to peers and past reform efforts and updates its macroeconomic impact. Section 4 takesstock of recent governance reform efforts. Finally, Section 5 concludes with a list of proposedpriorities.President’s Lourenço’s first administration lasted from 2017–22. See IMF (2018a, 2022a, 2022b) for stocktackingexercises during this period.See International Budget Partnership 2024) and Afrobarometer (2024).FATF is the global standardsetter on AMLCFT practices. B.Framework4.The paper follows IMF policies to define and link governance and corruption.Governance can be broadly defined as the “framework for exercising authority” while “good” or“weak” governance refers to the “quality” of governance and its impact on outcomes. The Funddefines governance as the process of managing a country, including it