领先而非落后：非洲；新一代人工智能机会

“The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier,” McKinsey, June 14, 2023.Sven Blumberg, Jean-Claude Gelle, and Isabelle Tamburro, “Africa’s leap ahead into cloud: Opportunities and barriers,” McKinsey,Across McKinsey’s client service work in Africa,many institutions have tested and deployed AIsolutions. Our research has found that morethan 40 percent of institutions have eitherstarted to experiment with gen AI or have alreadyimplemented significant solutions (see sidebar“About the research inputs”). However, thecontinent has so far only scratched the surfaceof what is possible, with both AI and gen AI. Ifinstitutions can address barriers and focus onbuilding for scale, our analysis suggests Africaneconomies could unlock up to $100 billion inannual economic value across multiple sectorsfrom gen AI alone. That is in addition to the still-untapped potential from traditional AI and ML inmany sectors today—the combined traditional AIand gen AI total is more than double what gen AIcan unlock on its own, with traditional AI makingup at least 60 percent of the value.To understand how organizations across Africa are reacting to the rise of gen AI, we collated inputs from 126 C-suiteexecutives at McKinsey’s Africa Digital Summits in Johannesburg and Cape Town on September 3 and 5, 2024,respectively; more than 60 C-suite executives from across the continent who attended CIO roundtables in Egyptand Morocco; and the 2024 McKinsey State of AI Africa survey of 263 executives and managers from organizationsacross Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Rwanda, and South Africa. Roughly 80The sizing of the economic potential for gen AI in Africa was based on the methodology developed by the McKinseyGlobal Institute featured in the reportThe economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier.Themethodology was adjusted for unique considerations on the African continent and on-the-ground implementation The rapid rise of gen AIhas captured the world’simagination and accelerated the integration of AIinto the global economy and the lives of peopleacross the world. Gen AI heralds a step change inproductivity. As institutions apply AI in novel ways,beyond the advanced analytics and machinelearning (ML) applications of the past ten years,the global economy could increase significantly,improving the lives and livelihoods of millions.Nowhere is this truer than in Africa, a continentthat has already demonstrated its ability to usetechnology to leapfrog traditional developmentpathways; for example, mobile technologyovercoming the fixed-line internet gap, mobilepayments in Kenya, and numerous Africaninstitutions making the leap to cloud faster thantheir peers in developed markets.Africa hasbeen quick on the uptake with gen AI, too, withmany unique and ingenious applications anddeployments well underway.January 18, 2024.About the research inputspercent of the inputs were from the private sector.experience with African institutions.Leading, not lagging: Africa’s gen AI opportunity Africa is ready to unlock growth andproductivity from gen AIAnalytical AI is already indispensable in severalindustries, with ML solutions solving analyticaltasks such as classifying, predicting, clustering,or evaluating data faster and more effectivelythan humans. Now, with gen AI’s broad utilityand revolutionary ability to convincingly mimicthe human ability to create, including writing text,producing digital art, and composing music, theexcitement about the potential of the technologyhas surged globally and the economic impact isexpected to be substantial. McKinsey estimatesthat gen AI could add $2.6 trillion to $4.4 trillion tothe global economy annually across 63 use casesanalyzed.The application of gen AI and AI more broadlyalready has significant momentum in Africa, andAfrican institutions are rapidly catching up with,and in some cases leading, global developments.Businesses and governments are incorporatinggen AI in their technology strategies, and manyare using it to solve some of Africa’s mostpressing problems in novel ways. For example,across Africa, AI-driven translation services forlocal languages that are underrepresented onthe internet, such as Amharic, are being used toimprove cross-cultural communication, increaseaccess to information, and enhance socialcohesion.In Kenya, gen AI is being used to createpersonalized learning pathways for students, withthe goal of improving academic performance,increasing engagement, and providing tailorededucational experiences.In South Africa, a localstart-up is using proprietary AI models and tools,including GPT-4, to help small-business ownersbetter understand their finances and automate“The economic potential of generative AI: The next productivity frontier,” McKinsey, June 14, 2023.Bukola Adebayo, Nita Bhalla, and Kim Harrisberg, “From Swahili to Zulu, African techies develop AI language tools,” CNBC Africa, June18, 2024.Audrey Matere, “Eff