2025年面向智能制造的工业大模型标准化研究报告

2025/4ᎃᗂ˖ڍႂߔ੾శಕэӐᆐቂᬒӧ˝੾శథᬌМՂኍ ᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋಕэӐᆐቂઐն˖ڍႂߔ੾శಕэӐᆐቂᬒࣱ  త ԟᎃӬͮ὇ଅՏʿѫЎՐὈ˖ڍႂߔ੾శಕэӐᆐቂᬒˋழႂචᬶڃஜߙመ੾థᬌМՂ᜴߶ᓇܸᒬҮӐᐦ͊థᬌМՂຆڡࣉ͕ॸᤤመ੾ᐦ͊థᬌМՂᏀᎼࢹˉ̈ᐎᎩᐦ͊థᬌМՂ᳿૸ஜఄᐦ͊థᬌМՂຆڡࣉᆩᡉӦ࠭ͳథᬌМՂ˖ڍመߥᬒॱႂߔᆐቂ੝ᣃ͇థᬌМܸӧܷࡢˋࡢՂๅ෇ᯪࣝఄᑞ੾శథᬌМՂʼ๑஠᲌ζোመ੾థᬌМՂ˖ᝬᥪႂ֦ល᝹᝟ᬒథᬌМՂຆڡᄲత̜Ѹள੾శథᬌМේ᫹ᮺ఺ࢹˉ(ᬶڃ)థᬌМՂ˖ڍመߥᬒේ᫹ᒬҮӐᆐቂ੝ࠑڍႂᎩథᬌМՂܷஜ૵˖ॶ˖ࢹ̈ᐎ(ӑ̚)መ੾ᬶڃథᬌМՂຆڡࣉᤳҪመ੾థᬌМՂ Ղ ӧ˝੾శథᬌМՂӑ̚ধែఄᑞመ੾థᬌМՂ˖ᢻࡢנ఺ᢻᢻᣙథᬌМՂመܷᝬᮺᐦ͊థᬌМՂʼ๑᤽᣽ζোመ੾థᬌМՂࡢˋᄴ᝟ኪ˖ॶ(ࠑڍᡓጞ᝟ኪ฿Ӯ˖ॶ)ё̇Џ੾శᐦ͊థᬌМՂ˖ڍႂζᐦ͊థᬌМՂᆐቂᬒ˖ڍᓇܸಕэӐᆐቂ੝ᎩఄܸЊመ੾ᬶڃᐦ͊థᬌМՂގᓩྱመ੾(ڡຆ)థᬌМՂӴݗலࢹˉఄᑞᆐቂᬒ(ࡳ᭞)థᬌМՂຆڡӧܷఄᤴመ੾ᐦ͊థᬌМՂ௠ဖζোመ੾(ʼ๑)ᐦ͊థᬌМՂ˖ڍႂߔࢹˉಕэӐ੾శӨ͗˖ڍᆂෳڍᬄӀଉधԦథᬌМՂ˖ڍᨠ᥊መߥᆐቂᬒᬶڃథᬌМՂ ԟᎃ̠տᔴመࢎNjృ။ျNj᭽˟NjӫПNjᗿߴᩣNj࢕஠ᬵNjርᭀᓇNjᑊ᭡ࠁNjᦋ࠴ᴜNjष൩౔Nj᜚௢ТNjषሖஏNjڙ߶ሖNjೌ˯ဘNj०ႀႀNjѵ߷୻Njष᯴Nj᳦͎సNjʹᑊຸͣNjᆂ๑ᴜNjᬇާݟNjౣԮߵNjสࠂၕNj׷ТߴNjᆂᒰᤉNjё᜸ՙNj෍̇ᣜNjࡐ̍߰NjృतҼNjषТᡓNjषॏУNjᬇࣻ࣋NjడጒᇕNjᴎतӧNjృ௯ᓇNj᭽᧦NjဌпӻNjཤፘᡓNjֆంࢵNj̈́ћᮀNjᔅߔ஠NjృဌᡓNjሟ੽ѷNjषߥ၀NjѵఴѷNjᗈบЏNjృܢ೧Nj౏ᒬᮺNjဌ૟Njส᳀ᣜNjᥞ०ᮀNjёᇶ௿᫹Nj೎஛੆Njᡎ೔ᔉNjᬇ૜ߴNjʹ஠ຍNjృ௳᬴NjᯰߥႀNjఄృ೧Njष৺ᄎNjѵংѷNjᰳ᳀ርNjנබ̜Njѵ࠴ൖNj᱔ߛ᳀Nj௛ฐҼNjၾᭂࢎNjʹ NjဌЊNjེतڹNjᬇ౺ЊNjѵ౩Njᬇ᳀ЏNjᬜ঩NjॕNjృᒐᮺNj᧚Nj᧚ѷNjषᘌNjᠤ੽஢NjᰳТߴNjທNjˬNjဌˋ̜NjנғᮺNjܭൣҼNjᔴ៷ᨆNjᥰʶїNj૜NjNjޱޱߛ஢Njु ґᝒĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ1ኃʶብ᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋഏᤗĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ2ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ31.3 ఄᑞ҃ᤴˀࢹˉܷഴۋᄉСጆĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ6᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋဗ࿃ѫౡ2.1ஊንဗ࿃ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ122.2ᛠˉဗ࿃ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ152.3੾శःၸဗ࿃ˀૌੌѫౡĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ25ኃʻብ᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋԟᏥ౵ౝ3.1੾శ౵ౝĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ453.2ᦉᎷ౵ౝĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ59ብٽኃ௿ڣःၸĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ644.1ᆐԦ᝹᝟ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ64ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ67ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ70ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ73ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ734.6Րనҫ׫ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ74ణ!୤ ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ21.1 ఄᑞ҃ᤴഏᤗ1.2ྱཁ֖˦߿ᄉۋഴܷࢹˉኃ̃ብĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ12ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ454.2ၶ̖҃ᤴ4.3᧙ክଌ4.4 ྫྷึᦠᤞ4.5ᖸᩘ ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ75ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ764.9ဖγĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ77᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋಕэӐဗ࿃ˀૌੌĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ795.2ಕэӐᤈࡘĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ81ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ87ኃНብ᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋಕэͳጆĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ99ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ1006.3ࢹˉܷഴۋ᧗ཁಕэӐழՓĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ103ኃʸብࡘభˀतᝫĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ1047.1భࡘᡕҸĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ1057.2੾శधԦˀःၸतᝫĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ108ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ109ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ111ĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ112ణ!୤ 4.7Θःᩖክူ4.8 ͌ˉክူኃ̊ብĀĀĀĀĀĀ795.1ڍЮܰಕэጷጺ5.3ಕэӐૌੌĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀĀ996.1ࢹˉܷഴۋಕэͳጆಳ౵6.2ࢹˉܷഴۋಕэͳጆౝ੆7.3ಕэ҃߿ˀ଍ࣸतᝫ7.4ஊንஂ૆ˀᄢክतᝫ7.5 ̠੥ஓᐱˀ۱Шतᝫ - 1 -ڼᅃቤ!௬ၠ዇ీ዆ሰ߾ڦᄽٷఇ႙߁ຎӨុᄉಕэͳጆnjཨᏪὋᬣᅋࢹˉܷഴۋᄉຆЙःၸὋࢹˉܷഴۋಕэӐࢹͺ᭦˙ࢹˉڣ௿ܬఽNjஜ૵᧙ԟࢿʿᴎNj੾శఝளᤕ̼ঋNjᬤሒ෹᭚ኍܲழ᭦ᬱᮤnjݟʹౝत௾᤟ᄉNjᛠ˧థ஌ᄉಕэͳጆὋЌѫԦ૘ࢹˉܷᆐቂઐնᎃ҃ጷമჾ ఄᑞ҃ᤴ௦҃ᤴुڍत᝹ᄉ˞ஈழՓὋ௦ளௐ̼ளड़ርҪঋԦࡘளၶ̖ҦNj଍ᤈளۋࢹˉӐᄉੌ႔বNjलᮖব͉ҫnjࢹˉܷഴځۋФѢᓣᄉʼʽ஠ူᝌNjૈ̽ᥕ९NjЮࠓၶ੆ڣ֖௿คӐኍᑞҦὋࣂ੆˝଍Үఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉ᧗᜵΍ᑞ੾శ˧ʶnjࢹˉܷഴۋˀ҃ᤴᜈܫNjࢹˉᣃ͇ᄉᬶ੆ःၸὋ˶˝̠ࢹఄᑞˀఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉຆऎᚷՋનࡘ˿ቆᫍnjࢹˉܷഴڙۋఄᑞ҃ᤴ˖ᄉ૆፝Ԧؒ߸ࡘԢ଍ࣸሎʿधፑʶNjК᭦֖ഴۋᄉ໷Ҧˀ͈ϘὋࣂཨ੆˝ॆґ̏य़ᝌфᄉС᪃ૌੌ˧ʶnj˝൤Ὃ˖ڍႂߔ੾శಕэӐᆐቂᬒᐎՋՉԟᎃӬͮըҮࣲᎃ҃˿Ǒ᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋಕэӐᆐቂઐնǒὋХͳډፈ̾ʽʸܷ˞ᮤࡘधὙ1Nj᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋഏᤗ2Njࢹˉܷഴۋဗ࿃ˀૌੌ3NjࢹˉܷഴۋԟᏥ౵ౝ4௿ڣःၸۋഴܷNjࢹˉ5NjࢹˉܷഴۋಕэӐဗ࿃ˀૌੌ6Njࢹˉܷഴۋಕэͳጆ7Nj঳ፆˀࡘభၿ̅ఄᑞ҃ᤴˀࢹˉܷഴۋᄰС੾శԦࡘ᣽ᤳὋᆐቂઐնᎃ҃ௐ֖ᫍͺᏧߥខᬌ҃Ὃ঻థጦ໣੊ʿː៞˧ܪὋ஛ឯួᝌˀ੺᝿ૈൣnj - 2 -௬ၠ዇ీ዆ሰ߾ڦᄽٷఇ႙Քጚࣅჺ৯Ԓߢ1.1 ఄᑞ҃ᤴഏᤗఄᑞ҃ᤴ὇Intelligent ManufacturingὋIMὈ௦۲̅Ўᤈ҃ᤴ੾శˀளʶ̼ζো੾శຆऎᚷՋᄉ̠ࢹఄᑞ੾శὋ᠕ቇ̅᝹᝟Njၶ̖Njྫྷึ Njᩘ׫Njనҫኍֵ̖Кၶ֐ֆయὋХథᒬਕᅻNjᒬфንNjᒬ੯ᛠNjᒬ᤟ःNjᒬߥ˷ኍҩᑞྱཁὋைڙଡᰳ҃ᤴˉ᧙Njၶ̖஌ည஌ᄝ֖ଡΘಀবᄉЎᤈၶ̖ழयnj1಩૵ఄᑞ҃ᤴጆፑ౵ౝὋఄᑞྱड़௦Ф᧗᜵ᄉଠᤗ፤ऎὋӉહᠪຸ᜵ገNj̈ᐎ̈᤯NjᚷՋР̙Njጆፑᬶ੆֖ளТˉখኍ5ࡎఄᑞӐ᜵යnjࠪ̅ளТˉখᄉౝतὋΙᠺ̅۲̅ྫྷူቆᫍʿՎࡎጞᠪຸ᜵ገ֖ஜߙቆᫍᬶ੆ˀᚷՋᄉஜ૵NjഴۋԢጆፑὋࠃဗᝢᅻNjងறNjᮔ฽ԢфንኍҩᑞὋ˄ஂ૆ᘾࠃᤕ̼͕Ӑnj൤ܰὋఄᑞ҃ᤴᤆӉહᘾࠃᚷՋNjᅻខ᯵ҮNjҮখ͕ӐNj߶Кᰳ஌Nj፮ᓣͯᇎኍྱड़njڙ൤ᐿ௿ʽὋࢹˉܷഴۋХథࣸคᄉःၸڣ௿Ὃᑞֵܴ̖ࠪ᝹᝟Njၶ̖҃ᤴNj᧙ଌ҃NjΘःᩖክူኍʿՎဖᓫᤈᛠఄᑞӐᠱᑞὋځ൤ᜁ᜼˝̠ࢹఄᑞःၸ᣾ር˖ᄉС᪃᝹ஶnjՎௐὋࢹˉܷഴۋͺ˝̠ࢹఄᑞڙ҃ᤴˉःၸᄉ੾శ˧ʶὋˀᮖ۪ᅻខᄉ્ଇNjᚷՋˀःၸࠚѬᄰСὋᑞܴஂଢ଼ᝢᅻNjងறNjᮔ฽Ԣфንኍழ᭦ᄉᑞҦत᝹ὋΧᤈࢹˉᣃ͇NjࢹˉᜈܫNjၶ̖ࢹᓧ֖నҫഴयኍழ᭦ᄉѸளὋࠪ̅ఄᑞ҃ᤴХథ᧗᜵਒˦njڼᅃቤ!௬ၠ዇ీ዆ሰ߾ڦᄽٷఇ႙߁ຎ1ࡔॆ዇ీ዆ሰՔጚ༹ဣॺยኸళDŽ2024ӲDžDŽኙ൱ᅪ९ߡDž 1.2ྱཁ֖˦߿ᄉۋഴܷࢹˉ1.2.1Ю๯֖˦߿ۋഴܷࢹˉ᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴۋ௦ૈڙఄᑞ҃ᤴᮖ۪˖Ὃѽၸܷ᜺ഴஜ૵ᬶܬ֖ఽᄉ఺ߥ٧˷ኪกౝतᄉഴۋnjᤇ̎ഴۋைܪڙူ֖ѫౡࢹˉၶ̖᣾ር˖ᄉܷ᧙ஜ૵Ὃ̾ࠃဗၶ̖ึርᄉ͕ӐNjֵ̖᧙ᄉଡӣNjᠪຸѽၸᄉ஌ည̾Ԣ፤એ੆ఴᄉᬋͯnj᭦Փఄᑞ҃ᤴᄉࢹˉܷഴڙۋ᤯ၸܷഴۋᄉ๘ဗᑞҦNj᤯ၸব֖ऊܷԟஜ᜺ഴᄉ۲ᆨʼὋᤆᭉ᜵ᤈʶ൥໗ᡛၶ̖ុऎNj᝹ܫክူNjᑞຸክူNj߶КဖγNjᤁᛠфንኍ͔ܲ҃ᤴˉ˃ˉڣ௿ᄉःၸᭉයὋ᜵යФХథᣖुᄉ˃ˉᅻខNjԺ᭤ሶ߿ᄉᣤѢNjː៞ᄉ᤾ᣣNj߶КγࠚὋஂ૆ሒథӐᦉᎷࣲХథᣖᰳᄉব͈ඊὋ੆˝Ժၸᄉþ˃੥ÿὋଡΘКึርNjܲ᜵ገNjڣܲ௿ᄉఄᑞӐᠱᑞnj - 3 - ڎ1-2ࢹˉܷഴۋˀ᤯ၸܷഴۋᄉӜѾ1.2.2ࢹˉܷഴۋྱཁˀ᤯ၸܷഴۋᄰඊὋࢹˉܷഴۋᄉನॶྱཁӉહὙु˃ˉবὙ௄Ӊહࢹˉܷഴۋ˖੝᜷ᄥᅻខᄉ˃ˉবὋ˶Ӊહ˿ڙ˃ˉڣ௿˖ᄉԺၸবnjᰳэᆷবὙፂ᣾ዴॶᝪጶ֖ុ͕ Ὃࢹˉܷഴۋᑞڙܴྱ߿͉ҫʼ᣹ҁ᭣࣡ᰳᄉэᆷऎὋ໗ᡛࢹˉᮖ۪ࠪᰳዴऎᄉ᜵යnjΒݟὋڙ᝹ܫ஋ᬩᮔ฽Njၶ̖ึር͕Ӑኍழ᭦ὋࢹˉܷഴۋᑞܴଡΘԺ᭤ᄉፆ౦njᰳԺ᭤বὙ̾þᭅࣵ᜿ÿ˝ᄫಕὋࢹˉܷഴڙۋ᝹᝟֖ᝪጶ᣾ር˖ྱѾซ਒ᥗБࣵ᜿ဗ៵ὋԀഴۋၶ੆ᄉЮࠓˀဗࠃʿቿnjᤇڙࢹˉःၸ˖࠾˝᧗᜵Ὃځ˝ᩱឧᄉᮔ฽֖фንԺᑞ͗࠭ᒰː᧗ᄉፂ฿૮ܾ੊߶К̂஋njᰳԺ᭤ব௄Ӊહ˿ᣤѢፆ౦ᄉԺ᭤বὋ˶Ӊહ˿஋ᬩৰхᄉԺ᭤বnjԺᝌ᧕বὙࢹˉڣ௿˖фንૈ̽ᄉʽ᣹Ὃᭉథ௙ᆷ֖ԺᣱѾᄉΙ૵Ὃځ൤ࠪࢹˉܷഴۋᄉၶ੆ፆ౦Ժᝌ᧕বଡѢ˿ᣖᰳ᜵යὋ̾Φၸਖ਼ᑞܴူᝌഴۋᄉ଍ူ֖фን᣾ርԢФΙ૵njབྷབྷ⁑⁑රර˖˖ᱟᱟᤷᤷ৲৲ᮠᮠᮠᮠ䟿䟿བྷབྷǃǃ㔃㔃ᶴᶴ༽༽ᵲᵲⲴⲴ␡␡ᓖᓖᆖᆖҐҐ⁑⁑රරާާ༷༷⎼⎼⧠⧠㜭㜭࣋࣋ǃǃ䙊䙊⭘⭘㜭㜭࣋࣋ᒦᒦ㜭㜭ཏཏ༴༴⨶⨶༽༽ᵲᵲⲴⲴлл⑨⑨ԫԫ࣑࣑ྲྲ㠚㠚❦❦䈝䈝䀰䀰༴༴⨶⨶ǃǃമമۿۿ䇶䇶࡛࡛ㅹㅹDŽDŽབྷབྷ⁑⁑රරާާᴹᴹййབྷབྷ⢩⢩ᖱᖱ⎼⎼⧠⧠㜭㜭࣋࣋சवֺࠥઁࠥङݕԟͫ֨ࣔؔѠԇЇͫۅਈॳࣀӟ࣫ުੋݕԟ澞҆ײͫ֨ધઈֺࠥИֺͫࠥઁࠥ׍Ԇӱ▲ؔ३چեͫѫॳࣀӀו޾ڠङધઈࣲઆչࣿۨਈԃ澞৲৲ᮠᮠ㿴㿴⁑⁑ᓎᓎབྷབྷՀރރ୏ީ੫୏ֺࠥזߒچङ୍੽ܶ߶澞םֺࠥङՀރઁࠥପٯЉصйԝьͫࣾਙ૝ଋ▲घь澞଑҅ڱ؉ћਈל؆Юӱ޾זߒङࠥڔչҼ঩澞䙊䙊⭘⭘ᙗᙗםֺࠥਈלପଋএԥङݕॐ۪ڳલͫଠځٺࡤङЈ࢕Ѡԇͫ҆ײਘࣀધઈהࣲ澝֣ҦજӰ澝ધ஺જӰঈ澞଑य़ପऀۅ҅ҿ֨՟З௅ֿୃ߄ٺࡤङځऀӹް澞KK瀂弛ㅎ瀃弙䐧⠦㤠⚊⛻䝁俾↜漣嫬ᵈ䌅壢Ȼ㈆ᷣ彴⺩Ȼ⼜䷳揽Ȼ⛹䜿ⴷ嫅㐮㈀Ȼᴉᴊ㒆䌅壢Ȼ⿄〞℅㚏Ȼ㑯㉭⋮壅∕弛ㅎ俾↜漣䛤嫅⵾㯚Ȼ䌅壢俼↚⸹Ȼ⵼淗⸹Ȼℚ弟↚≒岉Ȼ坧庽俼↚晡Ȼ⁶⠆⠙㤠⼀俼↚₄⪸㍗墀㇞ᶹ⫸嫜⿄䷩℅㚏ᷢ䜀㎯ₘ₄⪸㍗墀嫬壿仺嫐ℚ『ₘṛ◽㒆䐞ㄏ瀂ᴔㅎ瀃ⳤᴙ⠦㤠⚊⛻䝁俾↜漣ᴒᴙ䛤嫅㐮㈀Ȼ强庐㊧䌅Ȼ᷺↠嬂ⶥȻ㤠⚊弁恌Ȼ㓵ⶎ⠃䌅Ȼ䛤嫅㗳㒯ᴔㅎ俾↜漣䣀㘈∕忧乱Ȼ⪈Ờ⫅庄↨媽媠埄恌㈆⫻廏↧㊦ℵ㑄斛嫅K㘹䌅⋐䊯ⳤ兹䌅壢ⳤ兹䐞ㄏ䐞ᶦ嬂ⶥᴔㅎ俾↜漣⼦᷶㫓槗ᴔㅎ俾↜漣强庐ᴤ嬧ᴔㅎ俾↜漣ᴒᴙ俼↚⸹ - 4 - - 5 -ᰳࢹࠪ͗࠱ᬣ఺বὋڙߚၶ੆᣾ር˖ࠓЮڙۋഴܷবὙၿ̅ࢹˉ߿ሶˉܷഴڙۋࢹˉဗڣᄉःၸࣛ౎੷Үnjሶ߿ব௄Ӊહഴۋᒬᢵᄉሶ߿বNjᣤѢፆ౦ᄉሶ߿বὋ˶Ӊહഴۋ੝ଡΘనҫবᑞᄉሶ߿বὋΒݟὙᣤЙஜ૵֖ᝪጶஜ૵ᄉҮখఝளNjୱͺ̠տᄉԪӐʿॕֽഴۋᣤѢᄉэᆷবኍnjᰳࠃௐবὙࢹˉဗڣ᝹ܫNjၶ̖ጲԢˉҫᣃ͇ᄉᤁᛠХథːಪᄉᓫત֖ௐֽᫍः᜵යὋ᜵යࢹˉܷഴۋᑞܴঋᤳ֖Ԣௐ߸ڠ੆ᣤѢၶ੆njԺᬶ੆বὙࢹˉܷഴۋᭉᑞܴˀᜈܫNjᣃ͇NjˉҫጆፑNj͌ˉࣂథஜ૵ं֖ᅻខंࠃဗᬶ੆Ὃ̾Φஂଢ଼҃ᤴጆፑᄉ૆፝નࡘnj߶КবὙࢹˉܷഴܪڙۋူஏਕஜ૵ௐὋॸᮋᆷγஜ૵ᄉ߶Кব֖ᬤሒγએnj൤ܰ͌ˉᭉ᜵तበؒ߸ϣКᄉ߶Кஊን֖ଌ҃ଏஶὋ᫸ൢஜ૵෹᭚֖᭣ก᝺᫇njԺζᠺবὙࢹˉܷഴۋᄉԺζᠺব˞᜵ͳဗڙФᰳэᆷব֖Ժᝌ᧕বnj᤯᣾ܷࠪ᧙ᛠˉྱ߿ஜ૵ᄉຆऎߥ˷֖ѫౡὋࢹˉܷഴۋᑞܴଡΘԺ᭤ᄉᮔ฽֖фንஂ૆nj൤ܰὋФᤨ௙ᄉфን᣾ር˶థү̅ܘुၸਖ਼ࠪഴۋᣤѢᄉζ͉Ὃ̯Ꮺᆷγܬڙఽࢹˉဖܑ˖ᄉథ஌ःၸnjڎ1-3ࢹˉܷഴۋᄉನॶྱཁ - 6 -1.3 ఄᑞ҃ᤴˀࢹˉܷഴۋᄉСጆ1.3.1 ఄᑞ҃ᤴ଍ҮࢹˉܷഴۋԦࡘ὇Ὀఄᑞ҃ᤴ˝ࢹˉܷഴۋଡΘ˿ࠃڱᄉஜ૵ஂଢ଼ఄᑞ҃ᤴ᤯᣾ྫྷᐎᎩNj͛ਕ٧Nj̇᝟ኪኍ᝹֖ܫ᝹ஶὋᖌԨ˿