水力压裂化学品排放情景文件

Series on Emission Scenario DocumentsNo. 44 Emission Scenario Document on ChemicalsUsed in Hydraulic Fracturing Pleasecitethispublicationas: OECD (2024),Emission Scenario Document on Chemicals Used in Hydraulic Fracturing, OECD Series onEmission ScenarioDocuments,No.44,OECD Publishing, Paris. © OECD 2024 Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work andthe translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and argumentsemployed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third partyand for any claims of infringement. About the OECD TheOrganisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) is an intergovernmentalorganisation in which representatives of 38 countries in North and South America, Europe and the Asiaand Pacific region, as well as the European Union, meet to co-ordinate and harmonise policies, discussissues of mutual concern, and work together to respond to international problems. Most of the OECD’swork is carried out by more than 200 specialised committees and working groups composed of membercountrydelegates.Observers from several Partner countries and from interested internationalorganisations attend many of the OECD’s workshops and other meetings. Committees and workinggroups are served by the OECD Secretariat, located in Paris, France, which is organised intodirectorates and divisions. The Environment, Health and Safety Division publishes free-of-charge documents in twelve differentseries:Testing and Assessment;Good Laboratory Practice and Compliance Monitoring;Pesticides;Biocides;Risk Management;Harmonisation of Regulatory Oversight inBiotechnology;Safety of Novel Foods and Feeds; Chemical Accidents; Pollutant Release andTransfer Registers; Emission Scenario Documents; Safety of Manufactured Nanomaterials;andAdverse Outcome Pathways.More information about the Environment, Health and Safety ProgrammeandEHSpublicationsisavailableontheOECD’sWorldWideWebsite(https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/chemical-safety-and-biosafety.html). This publication was developed in the IOMC context. The contents do not necessarilyreflect the views or stated policies of individual IOMC Participating Organizations. The Inter-Organisation Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals (IOMC)was established in 1995 following recommendations made by the 1992 UN Conferenceon Environment and Development to strengthen co-operation and increase internationalco-ordination in the field of chemical safety. The Participating Organisations are FAO,ILO,UNDP,UNEP,UNIDO,UNITAR,WHO,World Bank,Basel,Rotterdam andStockholm Conventions and OECD. The purpose of the IOMC is to promote co-ordinationof the policies and activities pursued by the Participating Organisations, jointly orseparately, to achieve the sound management of chemicals in relation to human healthand the environment. Explanatory Notes Purpose and background This OECD Emission Scenario Document (ESD) is intended to provide information on the sources, usepatterns, and potential release pathways of chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. The documentpresentsstandard approaches for estimating the environmental releases of and occupationalexposures to chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. This ESD may be periodically updated to reflect changes in the industry and new information availableand extended to cover the industry area in countries other than the lead (i.e., the United States). Usersof the document are encouraged to submit comments, corrections, updates, and new information to theOECD Environment, Health and Safety Division (ehscont@oecd.org). The comments received will beforwarded to the OECDWorking Party onExposure Assessment, which will review the comments everytwo years so that the lead country can update the document. Submitted information will also be madeavailable to users within the OECD website (https://www.oecd.org/en/topics/assessment-of-chemicals). How to use this document This document may be used to provide estimates of environmental releases of and occupationalexposures to chemicals used in hydraulic fracturing. The reader should note that the estimationmethods provided in this document may result in release and exposure amounts that are likely to behigher, or at least higher than average, compared toamounts that might actually occur in real worldpractice. This is because the ESD makes cer