理解可持续发展倡议：类型学框架

A TYPOLOGY FRAMEWORK Understanding SustainabilityInitiatives A TYPOLOGY FRAMEWORK This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD and the Executive Director of theITC. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of theMember countries of the OECD, or the Member States of the United Nations, or the Members and Observers of theWorld Trade Organization. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty overany territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Photo credits:Cover © Bonnie Taylor Barry/Shutterstock.com. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to be bound by the terms of this licence(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Attribution– you must cite the work.Translations– you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of any discrepancy between the original work and thetranslation, only the text of original work should be considered valid.Adaptations– you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed inthis adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of the OECD or of its Member countries.Third-party material– the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible for obtaining permission from the third party and forany claims of infringement.You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your use of the work.Any dispute arising under this licence shall be settled by arbitration in accordance with the Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA) Arbitration Rules 2012. The seat of arbitration shallbe Paris (France). The number of arbitrators shall be one. Foreword Sustainability initiativesplay an important role in a broader ecosystem of market-based and policymeasuresin supportingsustainablevaluechains.Developed over the last several decades by a widerange of stakeholders,sustainability initiativestodayvary significantly in terms of their objective, scope,operations, and governance.Theirdiversitycangenerateconfusionanduncertaintyamongstusers,alsomaking it difficult to achieveeffective synergies withtheregulatory environmentpromotingsustainablevaluechains.Againstthis background,thisjoint ITC-OECDreport presents a typologyframeworktopromotea common language and a shared understandingof the complex landscape of sustainabilityinitiativeswith the aimto helppolicy makers, private sector operators, non-governmentalorganisations,and other stakeholdersin facilitating andassessingsustainability performance, harmonising approaches,and integratingsustainability initiativesalongvaluechains. Conceived by the United Nations’ International Trade Centre (ITC) inconsultation with the ITC-led Tradefor Sustainable Development(T4SD)Technical Working Group, the typology framework of sustainabilityinitiatives has been jointly developed by the ITC, the Centre for Responsible Business Conduct of theOECD, and the Trade and Agriculture Directorate of the OECD.This joint work reflects engagementbyITC to support a better use of sustainability initiatives,including bysmallbusinesses. Bysupportingamoreharmonised approach between public policies and sustainabilityinitiatives,it alsoaims tocontribute totheOECDpolicy objective topromotesustainable supply chainsand responsible business conduct. Acknowledgements Thisreportwas prepared by Mathieu Lamolle(ITC) and Aimee Russillo(LiSeed andITC)from ITC;EmilyNortonand Andrea Schill from theCentre for Responsible Business Conductof the OECD Directorate forFinancial and Enterprise Affairs;Cemre BalabanandMatteo Fiorinifrom the Trade Policy Division of theTrade and Agriculture Directorate of the OECD. It has benefited from comments and inputs fromTihanaBule,Koen Deconinck,Annelies Deuss,John Drummond,Marion Jansen,Hannah Koep-Andrieu,Sébastien Miroudot, Irene Oliván García, Silvia Sorescu, Enxhi Tresa,and Elisabeth Van Lieshoutfromthe OECD.Members of the ITC-led Trade for Sustainable Development(T4SD)technicalworkinggroupalso provided useful comments. The authors are grateful to theInternational Institute for SustainableDevelopment (IISD),ISEAL,and all other members of the T4SD technical working group for theirengagement in support of this project. The authors also thank participants to themeeting of theT4SDTechnical Working Group at the 2022 T4SD Forum in Geneva.Thisreportalso benefitted from discussionsin the OECD Working Party of the Trade Committee, which agreed to make it availableto the public.TheauthorsthankPiotr