G20金融健康政策说明

© OECD 2024. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and argumentsemployed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Member countries of the OECD. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitationof international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Cover design: © amgun / Getty Images Attribution4.0 International (CCBY4.0) This work is made available under the Creative Commons Attribution4.0 International licence. By using this work, you accept to bebound by the terms of this licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Attribution–you must cite the work. Translations–you must cite the original work, identify changes to the original and add the following text:In the event of anydiscrepancy between the original work and the translation, only the text of original work should be considered valid. Adaptations–you must cite the original work and add the following text:This is an adaptation of an original work by the OECD.The opinionsexpressed and arguments employed in this adaptation should not be reported as representing the official views of theOECD or of its Member countries. Third-party material–the licence does not apply to third-party material in the work. If using such material, you are responsible forobtaining permission from the third party and for any claims of infringement. You must not use the OECD logo, visual identity or cover image without express permission or suggest the OECD endorses your Acknowledgements This policy note was preparedforthe G20 Global Partnership for Financial Inclusion (GPFI)speciallybythe Central Bank of Brazil representing Brazil’s G20 2024 Presidency (LuisGustavoMansurSiqueira,Ronaldo Vieira da Silva, Diogo Nogueira Cruz,Adriana Krieger Fioravanti Barbosa,Cecília Oliveira Telles,Erika Akemi Soki,Lívia Bastos Gratz, Lucas Iten Teixeira,Raquel Melo de Almeida) jointly with theOECDSecretariat (Flore-Anne Messy, Serdar Celik, Miles Larbey, Chiara Monticone).CGAP(Karina BronsNielsen,Eric Duflos)and the Office of the UNSGSA(Smita Aggarwal, Nancy Widjaja) contributed to thedevelopment of the Theory of Change which underpins thepreliminaryConceptual Framework.The policynote benefitted considerably from the support, input andthoroughreview of the members of theGPFIandGPFI Implementing Partners.It was shared for consultation withmembers of theG20/OECD Task Forceon Financial Consumer Protection andofthe OECD International Network on Financial Education. Table of contents Acknowledgements3 1 Introduction5 Overview5Background on financial well-being6Objective7Process8Terminology8 Preliminary conceptual framework for financial well-being10A working definition of financial well-being23 3 Measurement framework for financial well-being: A preliminary roadmap Objectives and use-cases for measuringfinancial well-being30From the working definition to practical examples for measuring financial well-being32Way forward: considerations for the future development of a measurement framework40 Annex A. List of studies with examples of survey questions and indicators 42 Annex B. Examples of survey questions and indicators43 References44 Notes53 FIGURES Figure1. Financial well-being: Preliminary theory of change20Figure2. Financial well-being and its elements33 TABLES Table1.Selected definitions of financial well-being or financial health24Table2. Examples of questions-Able to smoothly manage financial needs and obligations36Table3. Examples of questions-Can cope with negative shocks37Table4. Examples of questions-Can pursue aspirations, goals and capture opportunities39Table5. Examples of questions-Feel satisfied and confident about financial lives39Table6. Examples of studies with survey questions42Table7. Examples of studies with indicators from administrative data42 1Introduction Overview In the last decades, there has been notable progress at global level inmaking financialproducts andservices more accessible toindividuals, with 76% ofpeople age 15+having a bankor mobile moneyaccount in 2021(Demirgüç-Kunt etal., 2022[1]). This represents a significant increase from just over adecade ago when the figure stood at 51%(Demirgüç-Kunt etal., 2022[1]). At the same time, growing accessto formal financial products and services highlighted theneedtofocus onthequalityoffinancialinclusionandonfinancialwell-being as guiding principles, toimprove the effectiveness of financial inclusionpolicies,and to avoid thatpolicies intended to increaseaccess to the formal financial system couldinadvertentlylead to negative consumer outcomes. Financial well-being, also referred to as financial health,1has emerged as a key policy objective bothnationally and internationally within the realms of financial inclusion, financial education and financialconsumer protection. In the p