经合组织平衡国际商品贸易数据集（BIMTS）

TheOECDBalancedInternational Merchandise TradeDataset (BIMTS) This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinionsexpressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarilyreflect the official views of the Membercountries of the OECD. This document, as well as any data and map included herein, are without prejudice to the status of orsovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the nameof any territory, city or area. The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalemand Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Note by Türkiye The information in the documents with reference to “Cyprus” relates to the southern part of the Island.There is no single authority representing both Turkish and Greek Cypriot people on the Island. Türkiyerecognises the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC). Until a lasting and equitable solution is foundwithin the context of the United Nations, Türkiye shall preserve its position concerning the “Cyprus issue”. Note by all the European Union Member States of the OECD and the European Union The Republic of Cyprus is recognised by all members of the United Nations with the exception of Türkiye.The information in the documents relates to the area under the effective control of the Government of theRepublic of Cyprus. This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with United Nations SecurityCouncil Resolution 1244/99 and the Advisory Opinion of theInternational Court of Justice on Kosovo’sdeclaration of independence. © OECD 2025 Acknowledgements This paper waspreparedbySteven Cassimon, Israel Gutierrez, Antonella Liberatore and Katia Sarrazinfrom theOECD Statistics and DataDirectorate(SDD). The work benefited from inputs fromAndres Fiallos(SDD)andNicolasKoutsandreou(SDD)andfrom comments from Annabelle Mourougane(SDD), SteveMacFeely(SDD)and Catherine Macleod(OECD Economics Department). Fruitful exchanges with Colin Webb, Norihiko Yamano, and Agnes Cimper (OECD Directorate for Science,Technology and Innovation), Charles Cadestin and Claire De Maricourt (OECD Trade and AgricultureDirectorate),and Oscar Lemmers (Statistics Netherlands) helped shape the approach presented in thispaper.This work builds onSDD’s longstanding effortsto improve the tracking of global merchandise tradeand to address asymmetries,carried out in collaboration with national statistical offices and otherinternational organisationsunder the auspices ofthe OECD Working Party on Trade in Goods and Servicesstatistics (WPTGS). Charles Cadestin and Claire De Maricourt (OECD Trade and Agriculture Directorate)developed the fetcherto retrieve data fromthe UNComtrade+databaseand efficiently store them in the OECD Hadoop cluster.This contribution is critical fortheregular update of BIMTS. Table of contents The OECD Balanced International Merchandise Trade Dataset (BIMTS)1 Acknowledgements3 Executive summary6 1 Introduction7 2 Definitions9 3 The BIMTS in context11 4 Data sources13 5 Methodology15 Step 1–Data Sourcing16Step 2–Data Cleaning and gap filling16Step 3–Advanced adjustments17Step 4–Balancing of trade flows and computation of domestic balanced values37Step 5–Construction of consistent time series40 6 The final BIMTS dataset41 7 ConclusionsReferences 47 Annex A. Coverage of the BIMTS dataset48Notes55 Tables Table1. Validity dates of the different HS versions18Table2. Generic conversion dictionary–illustration20Table3. Computation of country-specific conversion coefficients–Parameters21Table4. Conversion based on coefficients21Table5. Identification andcorrection of product misclassifications–Example23Table6. Fictitious example of partner attribution–Exports from Saudi Arabia28Table7. Adjustments of trade flows in presence of re-exports–Trader view29Table8. Adjustments of trade flows in presence of re-exports–Producer view31Table9.Example of identification for the CHN–HKG case32Table10.Example of identification for the United States–Mexico case32Table11.Example of identification for the Singapore–Thailand case33Table12. Symmetry indices for total merchandise trade, 2015-2023, selected economies38Table13. Example of decomposition of the balanced value39 TableAA.1. List of economies and territories covered in BIMTS48 Figures Figure1. Coverage of additional variables in Comtrade+13Figure2. Reported exports vs mirror imports, top traded products, 201914Figure3. Overview of the BIMTS production process15Figure4. Reduction in asymmetry levels following each BIMTS adjustment module18Figure5. Misclassified trade module24Figure6. Overview of reporters and products most affected by confidential trade25Figure7. Overview of reporters and products most affected by non-bilate