未来飞行标准路线图报告

Key themes and standardization recommendationsfor uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS) and electricvertical take‑off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Contents 1Executive summary3 1.3Recommendations71.3.1Recommendations common to both UAS and eVTOL pathways81.3.2Recommendations specific to the UAS pathway91.3.3Recommendations specific to the eVTOL pathway10 2Scope, structure and description of themes12 2.1Description of the themes common to both pathways142.2Description of UAS‑specific themes172.3Description of eVTOL‑specific themes17 3.1Standardization drivers183.2Roadmap development process193.2.1Stakeholder engagement and input20 Annex 1 Acronyms and abbreviations21 Annex 2 Definitions of operational safety objectives22 Annex 3 What is the difference between standards23and regulation? 1Executive summary 1.1Context and background Aviation is being transformed by emergingtechnologies. Uncrewed aircraft systems (UAS)offer safer, cheaper and faster services. Piloted,zero‑emissions, electric vertical take‑off andlanding (eVTOL) aircraft, designed to be quieter,aim to carry commercial passengers in the next5 years. These emerging technologies have thepotential to transform our economy and society insignificant ways. The UAS sector alone couldcontribute up to £45 billion to the UK economy1by 2030, whilst eVTOL passenger and freighttransportation services could bring up to£2.1 billion in socioeconomic benefits (includingtime savings, carbon emissions reduction andavoided accidents) by 20402. To fully unlock this potential, these new aircraftneed to be introduced and integrated into theexisting airspace system in a safe, seamless andscalable way. This can only be achieved bydemonstrating compliance with existing andemerging regulations and harmonization throughinternationally recognized standards. In addition,the public can be reassured that these new futureflight technologies are safe to use3, establishingtheir public acceptance and social licence4. Standards have a key role in enabling emergingtechnology and informing the development of newpolicy and regulation. The relationship betweenstandards and regulation is described inAnnex 3. BSI has developed a standards roadmap that aimsto support the growth and industrialization offuture flight in the UK. It identifies the mostrelevant standards for these emerging aviationtechnologies and sets out a forward‑looking planfor standardization activity required to enable theUK strategy for future flight. For ease of navigation, the standards roadmap isstructured around themes – 10 for the UASpathway and 11 for the eVTOL pathway, as showninFigure 1. These themes were identified andagreed through engagement with industry andbroader stakeholders. Some themes are common to both pathways,mainly those specific to enabling capabilities,such as safety management, operations, airspaceintegration, digital assurance, and detect andavoid (DAA). The standards roadmap consists of two distinctpathways – a UAS pathway and an eVTOL pathway,following the same framework defined in thefuture flight Industry Group (FFIG) action plan5. Continuous stakeholder engagement throughoutthe roadmap development process has confirmedthat this framework is clear and understood by allstakeholders within the ecosystem. It is aneffective framework to support the developmentof technologies and solutions to achieve theobjectives for each pathway. Therefore, it has beenincorporated into the roadmap. Descriptions of the themes are provided inSection 2, and the methodology for developing thestandards roadmap is described inSection 3. For each theme, the standards roadmap outlinesthe most relevant standards already publishedand the standards that are in development. Theroadmap provides a standards body “agnostic”view and collates activities from across allrelevant aviation standards developmentorganizations (SDOs). The UK Civil Aviation Authority is using the JointAuthorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems’(JARUS) guidelines on Specific Operations RiskAssessment (SORA) v2.56guidelines andframework to develop the UK SORA. This is a keyenabler for the UAS pathway. Thus, the identifiedstandards for the UAS pathway were prioritizedbased on their potential to be used as means ofcompliance to meet the requirements for SORA,such as its operational safety objectives (OSOs).This will enable beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS)at scale. The OSOs mentioned in this document aredescribed inAnnex 2. The UAS Pathway onlyaddresses the specific category of operations and thus it does not address the certified (orcertificated) category. In addition to setting out the most relevantpublished and in development standards, theroadmap sets out a set of standardizationrecommendations for each theme. Whilst the roadmap has a UK focus, it can be usedto drive international standards alignment, anddiscussions have commenced with other SDOsabout how to present a more holistic view ofstandardization activity across the sect