让人工智能为英国服务

September 2023 Contents 05 Executive summary07 9 actions to take make AI work for Britain11 AdoptionThe degree to which AI has been adopted varies significantly dependingon the industry and company size15 IntegrationThe integration of generative AI into everyday digital tools willaccelerate the use of AI21 Benefits29 AI can benefit both employers and employees by improving work ChallengesThe adoption of AI at work raises challenges around skills andresponsible use36 Changing nature of workAI will displace some jobs and augment others, but also createnew ones40 Skills, skills, skillsThe era of AI competence, soft skills and human expertise44 Supporting jobs and peopleTaking a skills perspective can help manage job disruption and supportjob transitions51 Drive business investmentInvestment in digital skills training by companies is low56 Developing trainingAccess to flexible training and lifelong learning will be critical for adynamic future59 Productivity and managementGood management practices can help realise the innovative potentialof AI64 Regulation67 Government must work with businesses and workers to get theregulatory landscape of AI right Foreword Antony Walker,Deputy CEO, techUK We are at the dawn of a new era of digital technology in the workplace. A new generationof AI enabled digital tools is rapidly emerging, with the ability to undertake tasks that couldpreviously only be done by people. These new tools will ultimately be applied across theeconomy, impacting all aspects of employment. However, the pace of deployment is likely tobe uneven, impacted by many of the drag factors that have slowed the adoption of previouswaves of digital technology. As a result, net employment effects may be slow to emergedespite the very rapid evolution of the underlying technology. Organisations that deploy and use AI effectively are likely to achieve significant productivitygains, putting them at a competitive advantage against competitors that are slower or lesseffective in using AI. Many of the employment effects may therefore be quite traditional,as ‘slow adopting’ companies are put out of business by more technologically savvycompetitors. The precise impact of this change on the labour market and the future ofwork is difficult to predict. However, there is no historical precedent to suggest that a newwave of technological advancement will reduce the overall number of jobs in the economy.Nevertheless, we should accept and prepare for the fact that some sectors and roles will bedisrupted more significantly than others. Overall, the most likely outcome is that AI tools will augment the work done by people ratherthan replace it. But the impact of this augmentation could be far more powerful in terms ofincreasing productive capability than previous waves of digital innovation. In thinking aboutthe implications of AI for jobs and employment, governments should focus on maximisingthe potential of their economy to harness the benefits of AI to drive productivity growth. To deliver on the promise of AI, governments must build on or expand existing efforts toimprove digital skills and accelerate digital adoption by firms. This could be particularlybeneficial for developed economies with aging populations that will need their working agepopulations to be more productive to support the additional health and welfare costs of anolder population. Moreover, the effective use of AI in areas like healthcare could drive down the cost andimprove the quality of services – delivering huge benefits to people across the country. Amidst rapid developments in AI, we must remember that none of the employmentoutcomes related to technology are pre-determined and all will be dependent on thedecisions made by individuals, companies, and governments over the months and yearsahead. However, we can and must take the opportunity to prepare for and shape the impactof AI on work and jobs. Policymakers should look at the impact of AI on the labour market asan opportunity rather than a threat and develop policy responses to harness its power in anincreasingly AI-powered global economy. Like all waves of technological innovation, AI will drive significant change to jobs andemployment. The policy levers that government will need to use, however, are not newor novel. Improving skills and accelerating technology adoption are well establishedmechanisms for adapting to technological change. However the pace and scale of AIinnovation suggests that governments will need to scale-up its action on skills and digitaladoption to ensure that the growth and productivity benefits are shared as widely as possibleacross the UK. Executive summary The future of work will be AI-enabled. In the workplace, working with or alongside technology like AI will feel asnormal as using email, and in some organisations it already is. Businesses and workers will need to adapt to anincreasingly AI-powered economy andalmost half of workerswill need to ret