实施患者血液管理以改善全球血液健康状况的指南

Guidance on implementingpatient blood managementto improve globalblood healthstatus Guidance on implementing patient blood management to improve global blood health status ISBN 978-92-4-010466-2 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-010467-9 (print version) © World Health Organization 2024 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence(CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the workis appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses any specificorganization, products or services. The use of the WHO logo is not permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license yourwork under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the followingdisclaimer along with the suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHOis not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authenticedition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of theWorld Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules/). Suggested citation.Guidance on implementing patient blood management to improve global blood health status. Geneva: WorldHealth Organization; 2024. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at https://iris.who.int/. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see https://www.who.int/publications/book-orders. To submitrequests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see https://www.who.int/copyright. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party, such as tables, figures orimages, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is needed for that reuse and to obtain permission from thecopyright holder. The risk of claims resulting from infringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely withthe user. General disclaimers.The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of itsauthorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximateborder lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommendedby WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietaryproducts are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the publishedmaterial is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretationand use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Contents 2Overview: how this document helps to overcome the challenges of global patient blood management(PBM) implementation6 Phase A: Preparing the national/jurisdictional health care system for PBM16Step 1:Ministry of health or department of health adopts national/jurisdictional PBM policy17Step 2:PBM Commission establishes governance for PBM implementation26Step 3:National/jurisdictional PBM Task Force anchors PBM within the WHO-aligned quality and safetyframework32Step 4:National/jurisdictional PBM Task Force mandates PBM education for professionals and students34Step 5:National/jurisdictional PBM Task Force empowers the public through education on blood health39Step 6:National/jurisdictional PBM Task Force secures access to essential PBM medicines and devices44Step 7:National/jurisdictional Task Force enables (re)-allocation of resources for PBM46Step 8:National/jurisdictional PBM Task Force selects PBM pilot projects47 Phase B: Conducting PBM pilot project(s)50 Step 9:Champions initiate and drive PBM in health care organizations (HCO)51Step 10:Champions prepare for PBM implementation in HCO53Step 11:Senior management of HCO authorizes PBM pilot project55Step 12:HCO PBM Task Force creates HCO-specific structure for PBM56Step 13:HCO PBM Task Force implements PBM processes63Step 14:HCO PBM Task Force installs PBM data collection and reporting system66 Phase B: Changing HCO’s culture methodologically69 Phase C: Rolling out PBM on a national/jurisdictional scale71Step 15:National/