促进健康：加快医疗设施的电力供应

Energizing health:acceleratingelectricity accessin health-care facilities Energizing health: accelerating electricity access in health-care facilities ISBN 978-92-4-006696-0 (electronic version)ISBN 978-92-4-006697-7 (print version) © World Health Organization 2023 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo). Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercialpurposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work,there should be no suggestion that the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Bankfor Reconstruction and Development (The World Bank), Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) andthe International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) endorse any specific organization, productsor services. The use of the WHO, the World Bank, SEforALL and IRENA logos is not permitted. If youadapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commonslicence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along withthe suggested citation: “This translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO).WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English editionshall be the binding and authentic edition”. Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance withthe mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization (http://www.wipo.int/amc/en/mediation/rules). Suggested citation.Energizing health: accelerating electricity access in health-care facilities.Geneva: World Health Organization, the World Bank, Sustainable Energy for All and the InternationalRenewable Energy Agency; 2023. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. Cataloguing-in-Publication (CIP) data.CIP data are available at http://apps.who.int/iris. Sales, rights and licensing.To purchase WHO publications, see http://apps.who.int/bookorders.To submit requests for commercial use and queries on rights and licensing, see http://www.who.int/about/licensing. Third-party materials.If you wish to reuse material from this work that is attributed to a third party,such as tables, figures or images, it is your responsibility to determine whether permission is neededfor that reuse and to obtain permission from the copyright holder. The risk of claims resulting frominfringement of any third-party-owned component in the work rests solely with the user. WHO Photographs. WHO photographs are copyrighted and are not to be reproduced in any mediumwithout obtaining prior written permission. Requests for permission to reproduce WHO photographsshould be addressed to: http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/ The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the WHO, the World Bank, SEforALL and IRENAconcerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerningthe delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate borderlines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that theyare endorsed or recommended by the WHO, the World Bank, SEforALL and IRENA in preferenceto others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names ofproprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by the WHO, the World Bank, SEforALL and IRENAto verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is beingdistributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for theinterpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall the WHO, the WorldBank, SEforALL and IRENA be liable for damages arising from its use. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflectthe views of WHO, the World Bank and its Board of Executive Directors, SEforALL and IRENA or thegovernments they represent. The WHO, the World Bank, SEforALL and IRENA do not guaranteethe accuracy, completeness, or currency of the data included in this work and does not assumeresponsibility for any errors, omissions, or discrepancies in the information, or liability with respectto the use of or failure to use the information, methods, processes, or conclusions set forth. Cover photo: © WHO/NOOR/Sebastian ListeReport designed by Blossom CONTENTS vi ForewordAcknowledgementsviiiAbbreviationsxExecutive summaryxii Chapter 1Background and context – sustainable energy at the nexus ofuniversal health coverage1 1.1Context - energy as a