巴西企业级生产率受劳动诉讼案件影响的效应

The Impact of LaborLitigation Cases on Firm-level Productivity in Brazil Swarnali Ahmed Hannan and Samuel Pienknagura WP/25/63 IMF Working Papersdescribe research inprogress by the author(s) and are published toelicit comments and to encourage debate.The views expressed in IMF Working Papers arethose of the author(s) and do not necessarilyrepresent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board,or IMF management. 2025APR IMF Working Paper Western Hemisphere Department The Impact of Labor Litigation Cases on Firm-level Productivity in BrazilPrepared bySwarnali Ahmed HannanandSamuel Pienknagura* Authorized for distribution byDaniel LeighMarch2025 IMF Working Papersdescribe research in progress by the author(s) and are published to elicitcomments and to encourage debate.The views expressed in IMF Working Papers are those of theauthor(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the IMF, its Executive Board, or IMF management. ABSTRACT:The Brazilian labor market went through significant changes in 2017 with reforms to reducelitigation and increase flexibility inemployment contracts.Using firm-level data, we exploit the variation inlitigation cases across Brazilian states toestimate the impact of the 2017 labor reforms on productivity. Theresults suggest a significant boost in total factor productivity (TFP)for labor-and trade-intensive firms from thedecline in litigation costs. High labor intensive firms witnessedan increase inTFP of about 15 percent after thereform compared to low labor-intensivefirms. Similar magnitudes are found for trade-internsive firms. There isalso some suggestive evidence that theproductivity-enhancingeffectsof the reforms areespeciallypronounced for small firms. RECOMMENDED CITATION:Hannan, SwarnaliAhmedand Samuel Pienknagura“The Impact of LaborLitigation Cases on Firm-level Productivity in Brazil”, IMF Working Paper 2025. The Impact of Labor LitigationCases on Firm-level Productivity inBrazil Prepared bySwarnali Ahmed HannanandSamuel Pienknagura1 Contents Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................5The 2017 labor market reform............................................................................................................................7The increase in productivity since 2017.........................................................................................................7A snapshot of the 2017 labor market reform..................................................................................................8Data and Empirical Strategy............................................................................................................................10Data..............................................................................................................................................................10Empirical strategy.........................................................................................................................................11Results...............................................................................................................................................................14Baseline results............................................................................................................................................14Robustness exercises..................................................................................................................................16Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................19References.........................................................................................................................................................20 Introduction Our paper attempts to unravel theproductivity implications of an important set of policy changesrelated tolaborlitigation cases in Brazil. Thischangeformed part of a broader package of labormarketreforms inBrazilin 2017thataimedto increase flexibility in employment contracts and wage settings.Specifically, the policiesrelated to litigation casessought to discourage excessivelitigationthrough, amongst other factors, tighteningstandards for fees and complaint requirements. Themicro-nature of these reforms makes it difficult to empirically assess their impacton productivity.Our paperoffers a novel approach of tackling thisexercisebymergingthreedatasets: (i)Orbis for firm-level dataon over4,500 private and public firms;(ii)the PNAD survey for employment;and (iii)Tribunal Superior do Trabalhoforlabor litigation cases. Thisenablesusto exploit the state-level variation of the changes in litigation casesanddifferences in labor intensity across sectorstoestimatefirm-level productivityeffectsdue to the2017 reform.The findings suggest substantial boost in total fa